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What SSL cipher suites should you use to secure your network?

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If you want to protect your network from eavesdropping, tampering, and impersonation, you need to use secure SSL cipher suites. SSL cipher suites are combinations of encryption algorithms and protocols that determine how your web browser and web server communicate over HTTPS. However, not all SSL cipher suites are equally secure, and some of them may expose your network to various attacks. In this article, you will learn what SSL cipher suites are, how they work, and what criteria you should use to choose the best ones for your network.

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1 What are SSL cipher suites?

SSL cipher suites are composed of four elements: a key exchange algorithm, an authentication algorithm, an encryption algorithm, and a message authentication code (MAC) algorithm. The key exchange algorithm establishes a shared secret key between the web browser and the web server. The authentication algorithm verifies the identity of the web server using a digital certificate. The encryption algorithm encrypts the data that is exchanged between the web browser and the web server. The MAC algorithm ensures the integrity and authenticity of the encrypted data.

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Adityakiran .

Solutions Architect - (Shape) Security & Distributed Cloud @ F5 Networks | Multi Cloud & Cybersecurity | Solution Architecture | SaaS Managed Services | Customer Success |
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SSL cipher suites are combinations of cryptographic algorithms and key exchange methods that determine the security parameters for encrypted communication. In real-world scenarios, choosing an appropriate cipher suite involves balancing security and performance based on factors like the sensitivity of data, device capabilities, and regulatory requirements. Common SSL cipher suites include combinations of encryption, integrity, and key exchange algorithms, such as AES for encryption, RSA for key exchange, and HMAC for integrity. It's crucial to regularly update and configure cipher suites to align with industry best practices and address emerging security threats.

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2 How do SSL cipher suites work?

When a web browser initiates a HTTPS connection with a web server, they perform a handshake process to negotiate the SSL cipher suite that they will use. The web browser sends a list of supported SSL cipher suites to the web server, ordered by preference. The web server selects the first SSL cipher suite that it also supports and sends it back to the web browser, along with its digital certificate. The web browser verifies the digital certificate and agrees to use the selected SSL cipher suite. Then, they use the key exchange algorithm to generate a shared secret key, which they use to encrypt and decrypt the data with the encryption algorithm and the MAC algorithm.

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Adityakiran .

Solutions Architect - (Shape) Security & Distributed Cloud @ F5 Networks | Multi Cloud & Cybersecurity | Solution Architecture | SaaS Managed Services | Customer Success |
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1. Handshake: - ClientHello initiates, specifying supported cipher suites. - ServerHello responds, choosing a secure cipher suite. 2. Key Exchange: - Determines secure method (RSA, Diffie-Hellman). 3. Authentication: - Server provides a digital certificate. - Optional client authentication. 4. Key Derivation: - Both parties derive a session key. 5. Data Encryption: - Symmetric encryption (e.g., AES) secures data. 6. Integrity Check: - HMAC ensures data integrity. In real-world scenarios, adaptability is crucial—regular updates and configuration changes address evolving security standards and vulnerabilities in networks.

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3 What are SSL vulnerabilities and attacks?

SSL vulnerabilities and attacks are flaws or exploits that affect the security of SSL cipher suites. Some of them target the key exchange algorithm, such as the Logjam attack, which can downgrade the key exchange algorithm to a weaker version and allow an attacker to break the shared secret key. Some of them target the authentication algorithm, such as the Heartbleed attack, which can leak the private key of the web server and allow an attacker to impersonate the web server. Some of them target the encryption algorithm, such as the BEAST attack, which can decrypt the encrypted data by exploiting a weakness in the cipher block chaining (CBC) mode. Some of them target the MAC algorithm, such as the Lucky 13 attack, which can tamper with the encrypted data by exploiting a timing difference in the MAC verification.

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Adityakiran .

Solutions Architect - (Shape) Security & Distributed Cloud @ F5 Networks | Multi Cloud & Cybersecurity | Solution Architecture | SaaS Managed Services | Customer Success |
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1. TLS/SSL Renegotiation: Attackers exploit renegotiation flaws to inject malicious content. 2. DROWN Attack: Targets servers supporting SSLv2, decrypting communication. 3. Heartbleed: Exploits OpenSSL's vulnerability, leaking sensitive data. 4. POODLE Attack: Targets SSLv3, decrypting secure connections. 5. BREACH Attack: Exploits compression vulnerabilities, revealing encrypted data. 6. ROBOT Attack: Targets RSA key exchange, exposing encrypted traffic. Keeping systems updated, monitoring configurations, and adopting modern encryption standards mitigate these evolving SSL/TLS vulnerabilities and attacks.

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4 What criteria should you use to choose SSL cipher suites?

To choose the best SSL cipher suites for your network, you should prioritize TLS over SSL, as it is the newer and more secure version. Additionally, favor forward secrecy over static keys, as it ensures that each session has a unique and ephemeral secret key that is not derived from or related to any other secret key. Strong encryption is also preferred over weak encryption, as it uses algorithms and key sizes that are considered secure and resistant to brute force attacks. Finally, authenticated encryption should be favored over unauthenticated encryption, as it combines encryption and MAC algorithms into a single algorithm that provides both confidentiality and integrity.

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Adityakiran .

Solutions Architect - (Shape) Security & Distributed Cloud @ F5 Networks | Multi Cloud & Cybersecurity | Solution Architecture | SaaS Managed Services | Customer Success |
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- Security: Opt for robust encryption like AES for strong security. - Key Exchange: Choose Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman for secure key exchange. - Authentication: Prioritize reliable authentication via certificates and strong algorithms. - Compatibility: Ensure compatibility with device capabilities and app requirements. - Compliance: Adhere to industry and regulatory encryption standards. - Performance: Balance security and performance, considering computational impact. - Forward Secrecy: Select suites supporting forward secrecy for past session security. - Key Length: Use longer key lengths to resist brute-force attacks. Update cipher suites regularly based on evolving security standards and emerging threats in real-world networks.

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5 What are some examples of secure SSL cipher suites?

When selecting secure SSL cipher suites, some examples include TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, and TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256. To assess the security of your SSL cipher suites, you can use online tools such as SSL Labs or Qualys SSL Server Test. Additionally, you can configure your web server to prefer or enforce certain SSL cipher suites by editing the SSL configuration file or using directives like SSLCipherSuite and SSLProtocol .

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Adityakiran .

Solutions Architect - (Shape) Security & Distributed Cloud @ F5 Networks | Multi Cloud & Cybersecurity | Solution Architecture | SaaS Managed Services | Customer Success |
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1. TLS 1.3: - TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (ECDHE) - TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (ECDHE) - TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 (ECDHE) 2. TLS 1.2: - TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 - TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 These examples feature strong encryption, forward secrecy (Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman or Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman), and robust authentication (RSA, ECDSA). Regular updates ensure adherence to evolving security standards in real-world scenarios.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What SSL cipher suites should you use to secure your network?

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6

1 What are SSL cipher suites?

2 How do SSL cipher suites work?

3 What are SSL vulnerabilities and attacks?

4 What criteria should you use to choose SSL cipher suites?

5 What are some examples of secure SSL cipher suites?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Network Security

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What SSL cipher suites should you use to secure your network?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What are SSL cipher suites?

2 How do SSL cipher suites work?

3 What are SSL vulnerabilities and attacks?

4 What criteria should you use to choose SSL cipher suites?

5 What are some examples of secure SSL cipher suites?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Network Security

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