What are some of the latest tools and techniques for lighting and rendering in real-time engines?

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Lighting and rendering are essential aspects of visual effects, as they create the mood, realism, and style of a scene. However, traditional methods of lighting and rendering can be time-consuming, resource-intensive, and difficult to adjust. That's why many artists and studios are turning to real-time engines, which offer faster workflows, interactive feedback, and more creative possibilities. In this article, we will explore some of the latest tools and techniques for lighting and rendering in real-time engines, and how they can enhance your visual effects projects.

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1 Real-time engines

Real-time engines are software platforms that can render graphics and animations instantly, without the need for pre-processing or baking. They are mainly used for creating video games, but they can also be applied to other fields, such as film, TV, VR, and AR. Some of the most popular real-time engines are Unreal Engine, Unity, and Lumberyard, which offer various features and advantages for visual effects artists.

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Atul Pandey

?? 3D Modeler Extraordinaire | Animation Wizard ?? | Sculpting the digital world, one polygon at a time!
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1. Ray Tracing in Real-Time Engines 2. Global Illumination (GI) 3. Real-Time Path Tracing 4. Screen Space Reflections (SSR) 5. Volumetric Lighting and Fog 6. Real-Time Shadow Techniques 7. Lighting and Shading Pipelines 8. Temporal Anti-Aliasing (TAA) 9. Dynamic Sky Systems and Real-Time Weather 10. PBR (Physically-Based Rendering) The latest tools and techniques for lighting and rendering in real-time engines enable artists to achieve incredible levels of realism and efficiency. Technologies like ray tracing, global illumination, and PBR workflows are setting new standards for visual quality, while innovative solutions like volumetric lighting and dynamic sky systems create more immersive experiences.

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C. Adam Gutiérrez

Co-Founder (AI / ML Startup), GP @ Geoffrey Fund - Ethical / Responsible AI
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Real-time engines are revolutionizing the way artists work with visual effects. For instance, "The Mandalorian" TV series used Unreal Engine to create virtual sets with real-time rendered backgrounds, enabling realistic lighting and reflections on the actors and props. This innovative approach allowed the production team to quickly iterate on set designs and saved time and resources compared to traditional green screen techniques.

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Michael Simpson Jr.

Owner of Glowstick Bay Studios - A Production Company that creates high-end film, television, commercial, and other visual media content specializing in vfx, motion graphics, 3D animation, and innovative techniques.
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One tool you can get yourself familiar with as a filmmaker that will help you to better plan your shots ahead and help in everything from storyboarding to setting up lighting and cameras to even blocking is UNREAL ENGINE. This is a tool best known for being used in film for Virtual Sets, made popular by The Volume used for Disney+ shows like the Mandalorian, but I think it's important to understand the OTHER ways these tools can be used for smaller filmmakers without a budget, because tools like UNREAL are actually free to use. So take advantage of that for your next project!

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2 Ray tracing

Ray tracing is a technique that simulates the behavior of light rays in a scene, creating realistic reflections, shadows, and global illumination. Ray tracing can produce stunning results, but it is also very computationally demanding. That's why real-time engines use hybrid approaches, combining ray tracing with rasterization, which is a faster but less accurate method of rendering. For example, Unreal Engine 4.25 supports ray tracing for reflections, shadows, ambient occlusion, and translucency, while Unity 2019.3 supports ray tracing for reflections and shadows.

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C. Adam Gutiérrez

Co-Founder (AI / ML Startup), GP @ Geoffrey Fund - Ethical / Responsible AI
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NVIDIA's RTX graphics cards have enabled real-time ray tracing in engines like Unreal Engine and Unity. In the game "Control," real-time ray tracing was used to create stunning reflections, ambient occlusion, and global illumination. This elevated the game's visual quality and added to the atmosphere of its eerie, supernatural world.

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3 Volumetric lighting

Volumetric lighting is a technique that creates the illusion of light scattering through a medium, such as fog, dust, or smoke. Volumetric lighting can add depth, atmosphere, and realism to a scene, as well as create dramatic effects, such as god rays, spotlights, and flares. Real-time engines use different methods to achieve volumetric lighting, such as volumetric fog, volumetric clouds, and volumetric lightmaps. For example, Unreal Engine 4.26 introduces a new volumetric cloud system that allows artists to create realistic and dynamic clouds using a node-based editor.

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C. Adam Gutiérrez

Co-Founder (AI / ML Startup), GP @ Geoffrey Fund - Ethical / Responsible AI
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Volumetric lighting has been used to great effect in games like "Red Dead Redemption 2" and "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt." These games employ volumetric lighting techniques like volumetric fog and volumetric clouds to create immersive and realistic outdoor environments that respond dynamically to weather and time of day.

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4 Shader graphs

Shader graphs are visual tools that allow artists to create and edit shaders, which are programs that control how a surface looks and reacts to light. Shader graphs enable artists to experiment with different effects, such as color, texture, transparency, distortion, and animation, without having to write code. Real-time engines provide various shader graph systems, such as Unreal Engine's Material Editor, Unity's Shader Graph, and Lumberyard's Material Editor.

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C. Adam Gutiérrez

Co-Founder (AI / ML Startup), GP @ Geoffrey Fund - Ethical / Responsible AI
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Shader graphs have made it easier for artists to create unique and complex materials. In the game "Subnautica," the developers used Unity's Shader Graph to create water shaders that realistically simulate the appearance of underwater environments with varying depths, light refraction, and caustics.

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5 Lighting scenarios

Lighting scenarios are features that allow artists to switch between different lighting setups within the same scene, without having to rebuild the lighting. Lighting scenarios can be useful for creating different moods, times of day, or weather conditions, as well as for testing and optimizing the lighting. Real-time engines support different ways of creating and managing lighting scenarios, such as Unreal Engine's Lighting Scenarios, Unity's Light Probes, and Lumberyard's Time of Day Editor.

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C. Adam Gutiérrez

Co-Founder (AI / ML Startup), GP @ Geoffrey Fund - Ethical / Responsible AI
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Lighting scenarios can be invaluable for artists working on projects with different moods or times of day. For example, in the game "The Last of Us Part II," the developers used lighting scenarios to create a variety of environments ranging from bright, sunny days to dark, rainy nights. This allowed them to convey different emotional tones throughout the game's narrative.

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6 Post-processing effects

Post-processing effects are techniques that apply filters and adjustments to the final image, enhancing the quality and style of the rendering. Post-processing effects can include bloom, lens flare, depth of field, motion blur, color grading, chromatic aberration, and more. Real-time engines offer various post-processing tools and options, such as Unreal Engine's Post Process Volumes, Unity's Post Processing Stack, and Lumberyard's Post Effects Editor.

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C. Adam Gutiérrez

Co-Founder (AI / ML Startup), GP @ Geoffrey Fund - Ethical / Responsible AI
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Post-processing effects can significantly enhance the visual quality of a project. In the game "Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice," the developers used Unreal Engine's post-processing tools to create an intense, surreal atmosphere with effects like color grading, chromatic aberration, and depth of field. These post-processing effects contributed to the game's distinctive visual style and immersive storytelling. As real-time engines continue to evolve, artists will have access to even more advanced tools and techniques for lighting and rendering. These developments will enable faster workflows, greater creative freedom, and higher visual quality in future projects across various industries, including film, TV, and video games.

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What are some of the latest tools and techniques for lighting and rendering in real-time engines?

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1 Real-time engines

2 Ray tracing

3 Volumetric lighting

4 Shader graphs

5 Lighting scenarios

6 Post-processing effects

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