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What are some FEA best practices for interpreting analysis results?

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Finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful tool for structural engineering, but it can also be challenging to interpret the results correctly and avoid errors. In this article, you will learn some FEA best practices for analyzing and validating your FEA models and outputs, such as stress, displacement, and mode shapes. These tips will help you improve your confidence and accuracy in using FEA for structural design and optimization.

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Francesco Bertini

Thermo-Mechanical Engineer - Leonardo S.p.A.
Ummer Daraz MIStructE

Chartered Structural Engineer | Owner - Empace Civil & Structural Engineers | IStructE - Vice Chair of the Small…
ruy nú?ez

Holistic Civil Engineer

1 Check the model quality

Before running any FEA, you should check the quality of your model, such as the geometry, mesh, boundary conditions, and material properties. You should ensure that your model is free of gaps, overlaps, or distortions that could affect the analysis. You should also verify that your mesh is adequate for capturing the details and features of your structure, and that it is not too coarse or too fine. You should also check that your boundary conditions are realistic and consistent with the loading and support scenarios, and that your material properties are appropriate and reliable.

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Ummer Daraz MIStructE

Chartered Structural Engineer | Owner - Empace Civil & Structural Engineers | IStructE - Vice Chair of the Small Practitioners Panel & Member of Education Committee | University of Bradford - Industrial Advisory Board
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It can be tempting to see the early geometry creation stage as the 'easy' bit and fall into the trap of quickly building a complex model only to have to go back and spend a disproportionate amount of time cleaning it up. Validate as you go along on a complex model. Each package will have its own approach but in examples such as Tekla Structural Designer or Autodesk Robot, it's best practice to start with grid lines where possible in my opinion rather than just go straight into modelling. This is assuming you are building from scratch rather than exporting from a 3D model, e.g Revit. The technology for this is not yet there in my opinion and for all but simple stick line models, it could take more time cleaning up the model then it's worth.

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2 Review the convergence and accuracy

After running the FEA, you should review the convergence and accuracy of your results, such as the stress, displacement, and mode shapes. You should check that your results are within the acceptable range of error and tolerance, and that they are not affected by numerical or modeling issues. You should also perform a mesh refinement study to ensure that your results are independent of the mesh size and quality. You should also compare your results with analytical or experimental solutions, if available, to validate your FEA model and assumptions.

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3 Interpret the results with caution

When interpreting the results of your FEA, you should be careful not to overestimate or underestimate the significance or meaning of your outputs. You should understand the limitations and assumptions of your FEA model and method, and how they affect your results. You should also be aware of the sources of uncertainty and error in your FEA, such as the input data, the solver, and the post-processing. You should also use appropriate units, scales, and visualization tools to display and communicate your results clearly and accurately.

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4 Apply engineering judgment and experience

One of the most important FEA best practices is to apply your engineering judgment and experience to evaluate and interpret your results. You should not rely solely on the FEA outputs, but also use your knowledge and intuition to verify and explain your results. You should also consider the context and purpose of your FEA, and how it relates to the structural design and optimization goals. You should also consult with other experts and peers, and seek feedback and suggestions to improve your FEA skills and results.

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Francesco Bertini

Thermo-Mechanical Engineer - Leonardo S.p.A.
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FEA is based on representing a physical problem through a model and such a model should be suitable to represent and investigate all the phenomena of interest. Since it is a model, it's mandatory to never rely only on software outputs: these should be carefully checked with engineering judgement and hand-calc estimations.

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ruy nú?ez

Holistic Civil Engineer
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Completely agree. One needs to have sound judgement capabilities, acquired through learning and practice. FEA software is you only a tool, not a decision system on its own.

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5 Learn from the results and improve the model

Finally, you should learn from the results of your FEA and use them to improve your model and analysis. You should identify the strengths and weaknesses of your FEA model and method, and how they affect your results. You should also explore the sensitivity and variability of your results to different parameters and scenarios, and how they influence your design decisions. You should also update and refine your model and analysis based on the results and feedback, and repeat the FEA process until you achieve the desired outcomes.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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ruy nú?ez

Holistic Civil Engineer
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FEA tools are just that: tools. Nothing can substitute knowledgeable judgement acquired through fundamental learning and multi year practice.

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What are some FEA best practices for interpreting analysis results?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Check the model quality

2 Review the convergence and accuracy

3 Interpret the results with caution

4 Apply engineering judgment and experience

5 Learn from the results and improve the model

6 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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What are some FEA best practices for interpreting analysis results?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Check the model quality

2 Review the convergence and accuracy

3 Interpret the results with caution

4 Apply engineering judgment and experience

5 Learn from the results and improve the model

6 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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