What are some effective ways to debrief problem-solving simulations?

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Problem-solving simulations are a powerful way to develop critical thinking skills and apply them to real-world challenges. However, without a proper debriefing process, learners may miss valuable feedback, insights, and opportunities for improvement. Debriefing is a structured conversation that helps learners reflect on their actions, outcomes, and learning points after a simulation. Here are some effective ways to debrief problem-solving simulations.

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Kumar Veetrag

Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at Enparadigm

1 Define the objectives

Before you start the debriefing, you should clarify the objectives of the simulation and the debriefing. What were the main goals, tasks, and criteria of the simulation? What did you expect the learners to achieve, demonstrate, and learn? How will you measure their performance and progress? By defining the objectives, you can set the context and expectations for the debriefing and align them with the learning outcomes.

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Kumar Veetrag

Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at Enparadigm
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One framework that help a learner best way to get maximum out of debrief is to help them answer following questions 1. Where do you stand? 2. What happened? 3. Why is happened? 4. How could it be done better? This approach helps a user unlearn first, which is extremely important for simulation pedagogy.

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Humaira Farooq

Coordinator | Masters in IR | Organizer | Insets/Media-Incharge | Open to Work
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We can even set a success criteria for each objective that could be shared with the learners, so that they are cleared about whether they have achieved it or not.

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2 Use a debriefing model

A debriefing model is a framework that guides the debriefing process and ensures that it covers the essential elements of reflection, feedback, and action. The PEARLS model is one of the most widely used models, which stands for Partnership, Exploration, Analysis, Reaction, Learning, and Summarize. This model involves establishing a collaborative and respectful relationship with the learners to invite them to share their perspectives and feelings. Open-ended questions should be asked to encourage the learners to describe their actions, decisions, and reasoning during the simulation. Constructive feedback should be provided to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the learners' performance and compare it to the objectives and criteria. Moreover, elicit the learners' reactions to the feedback and help them identify their emotions, beliefs, and assumptions that may have influenced their behavior. Facilitate the learners' identification of key learning points and lessons learned from the simulation and the debriefing. Finally, review the main points of the debriefing and reinforce the learning outcomes and action steps.

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3 Use multimedia tools

Multimedia tools can enhance the debriefing process by providing visual, auditory, and interactive support. For example, you can use video recordings, audio clips, or screen captures to show the learners how they performed during the simulation and point out specific examples of good or bad practices. You can also use interactive whiteboards, charts, or diagrams to illustrate concepts, processes, or strategies that relate to the simulation. Multimedia tools can help the learners recall, analyze, and evaluate their actions more effectively and objectively.

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Kumar Veetrag

Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at Enparadigm
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One of the things that help debrief properly is an interactive way to replay the solution to the problem. It always helps a great deal once a person is able to retrace their steps. In that process, each step can help a snippet from our side to understand what happened. An interactive multimedia approach thus greatly enhances once learning experience. One more approach we use is using videos with quizzes in between, brings out very similar result to the above mentioned approach.

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4 Encourage peer feedback

Peer feedback is a valuable source of information and learning for the learners. By giving and receiving feedback from their peers, the learners can gain different perspectives, insights, and suggestions that can improve their problem-solving skills. You can encourage peer feedback by asking the learners to observe each other during the simulation and share their observations during the debriefing. You can also use peer assessment tools, such as rubrics, checklists, or rating scales, to help the learners provide structured and specific feedback to each other.

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Kumar Veetrag

Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at Enparadigm
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Peer feedback is evolving as a powerful social learning system. We should not only look peers from feedback perspective but also from collaboration too. Collaboration is feedback but not at the end, it has much smaller delta of feedback that helps in course correction throughout the process.

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5 Follow up with action plans

The debriefing process should not end with the summary, but rather with the action plans. Action plans are concrete and measurable steps that the learners will take to apply their learning to future situations and improve their problem-solving skills. You should help the learners create realistic and achievable action plans that address their gaps, weaknesses, or areas of improvement. You should also monitor and support the learners' implementation of their action plans and provide ongoing feedback and coaching.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are some effective ways to debrief problem-solving simulations?

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3

4

5

6

1 Define the objectives

2 Use a debriefing model

3 Use multimedia tools

4 Encourage peer feedback

5 Follow up with action plans

6 Here’s what else to consider

Critical Thinking

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What are some effective ways to debrief problem-solving simulations?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Define the objectives

2 Use a debriefing model

3 Use multimedia tools

4 Encourage peer feedback

5 Follow up with action plans

6 Here’s what else to consider

Critical Thinking

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