What are some effective communication strategies to help a peer experiencing suicidal ideation?

1 Assess the risk

The first step is to assess the level of risk and urgency of the situation. You can do this by asking open-ended questions that explore the person's thoughts, feelings, plans, and means of suicide. For example, you can ask: "How often do you think about suicide?" "What makes you want to end your life?" "Do you have a specific plan or method in mind?" "Do you have access to the means you would use?" "When do you plan to do it?" Be respectful and empathetic, but also direct and clear. Do not avoid or minimize the topic of suicide, as this can make the person feel more isolated and hopeless.

3 Explore alternatives

The third step is to explore alternatives and options with the person. You can do this by asking questions that elicit the person's strengths, resources, and reasons for living, such as: "What has helped you cope in the past?" "What are some things that you enjoy or value in your life?" "Who are some people that care about you and support you?" "What are some goals or hopes that you have for the future?" You can also suggest some coping strategies that the person can try, such as: "How about we take a walk and get some fresh air?" "Would you like to call someone you trust and talk to them?" "Can we make a list of some activities that make you feel better?" Help the person see that there are other ways to deal with their problems and pain, and that suicide is not the only solution.

4 Create a safety plan

The fourth step is to create a safety plan with the person. A safety plan is a written document that outlines the steps the person can take to stay safe and prevent suicide when they are in crisis. You can help the person develop their own safety plan by using a template or a guide, such as the one from the Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC). A safety plan typically includes: warning signs of a crisis, coping skills and strategies, contact information of supportive people and professionals, and means restriction and removal. Review the safety plan with the person and make sure they understand and agree with it. Encourage them to keep it in a visible and accessible place, and to update it regularly.

5 Follow up and connect

The fifth step is to follow up and connect with the person. You can do this by checking in with them regularly and asking how they are doing, how they are using their safety plan, and what support they need. You can also help them access other sources of help, such as crisis lines, mental health services, or peer support groups. You can also refer them to online resources, such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, or the Suicide Prevention Lifeline Chat. Let the person know that you care about them and that they are not alone. Be consistent and reliable, but also respect their boundaries and preferences.

6 Take care of yourself

The sixth step is to take care of yourself. Supporting someone who is suicidal can be emotionally and physically draining, and you may experience your own stress, anxiety, guilt, or grief. It is important to practice self-care and seek support for yourself, as well. You can do this by: setting healthy limits and boundaries, taking breaks and engaging in activities that recharge you, expressing your feelings and thoughts to someone you trust, seeking professional help if needed, and joining a peer support network or community. Remember that you are not responsible for the person's life or death, and that you are doing the best you can.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?