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What software design principles make code easy to test?

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Software design is not only about creating elegant and efficient solutions, but also about making code easy to test. Testing is essential for ensuring quality, reliability, and maintainability of software products. However, testing can be challenging and time-consuming if the code is not designed with testability in mind. In this article, we will explore some software design principles that can help you write code that is easy to test, using the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern as an example.

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1 What is testability?

Testability is the degree to which a software system or component can be verified by automated or manual tests. Testability depends on several factors, such as the complexity, modularity, readability, and observability of the code. A high degree of testability means that the code can be tested with less effort, cost, and risk, and that the tests can provide more confidence and feedback.

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Mina Mounir

Software Developer
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In my opinion testability is the ability to see the results of code change within seconds of this change as long as that time increase testability decrease and vice versa. That in turn can easily be translated to higher productivity.

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2 Why is testability important?

Testability is important for several reasons. First, testability enables faster and more frequent delivery of software products, as testing becomes easier and cheaper. Second, testability improves the quality and reliability of software products, as testing can detect and prevent defects and errors. Third, testability enhances the maintainability and scalability of software products, as testing can support refactoring and evolution. Fourth, testability fosters a culture of quality and collaboration, as testing can encourage good practices and communication among developers, testers, and stakeholders.

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Dhanik Sahni

Salesforce Architect & Founder | Driving Business Transformation through Innovative Cloud Solutions | Empowering Success at Vagmine Cloud Solution Pvt Ltd.
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In terms of Software Design principles, testability is crucial for various reasons: 1. Testability enables developers to detect faults early in the development process. 2. Testability allows developers to make changes with confidence because it provides a safety net of automated tests. 3. Testability improves the overall quality and reliability of software systems. 4. Testability is critical for establishing CI/CD techniques, in which code changes are constantly merged, tested, and delivered. 5. Testability enables agile and iterative development.

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Mina Mounir

Software Developer
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Let's imagine a scenario where we deal with a complicated work flow and huge amount of data ... and you are modifying a line of code at the end of the workflow process ... what would you feel if : to reach that line of code you just changed requires that you perform 15 steps in the user interface fetching data from database with roughly 5 minutes of testing and .... ough ... you have to modify that line another round .... this is called testing hell. If that is the situation then most developers may abandon the process of internal testing for the sake of their lives. Then, no internal testing = failed software.

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3 How to design code for testability?

There are many software design principles that can improve the testability of code, but we will focus on three main ones: separation of concerns, dependency inversion, and loose coupling. These principles aim to reduce the dependencies and complexity of code, and to increase the modularity and flexibility of code.

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Adhithi Ravichandran

Founder and Software Consultant @ Surya Consulting, Inc. | ?? Author | ?? Keynote Speaker | ?? AI Solutions for React Projects
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Designing test-friendly code is like organizing a toolbox where every tool has a specific spot. - Break your code into small, focused parts, making it easier to spot and fix bugs by testing one piece at a time. - Test-Driven-Development (TDD) : Writing tests before the actual code ensures everything does its job right from the start. - Think of using separate blocks for building, which can be reassembled as needed, enhancing flexibility and ease of testing. - Automating your tests to run by themselves every time you make a little change helps catch mistakes early on, keeping your codebase clean and working well without extra work to find and fix problems later. These strategies will help you ship code with confidence!

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4 Separation of concerns

Separation of concerns is the principle of dividing a software system or component into distinct parts that have specific responsibilities and interfaces. Separation of concerns reduces the complexity and increases the readability of code, as each part can be understood and tested independently. Separation of concerns also enables parallel development and testing, as different parts can be worked on and verified separately.

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Adhithi Ravichandran

Founder and Software Consultant @ Surya Consulting, Inc. | ?? Author | ?? Keynote Speaker | ?? AI Solutions for React Projects
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Early in my career, I worked on a project that initially didn't adhere to the separation of concerns principle. The codebase was a tangled mix of DB operations, business logic, and UI code all lumped together. A single function would directly query the DB, process the data, and then format it for display. This made the code hard to read, debug, and test, especially for newer team members. We decided to undertake a refactoring effort with separation of concerns. It resulted in positive outcomes: -It was easier to isolate and fix bugs -Testing became straightforward -Team members specialized in different parts of the code -Improved development speed -Maintainable and scalable code This helps create organized code that's easier to manage.

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5 Dependency inversion

Dependency inversion is the principle of designing code such that high-level modules do not depend on low-level modules, but both depend on abstractions. Dependency inversion reduces the coupling and increases the flexibility of code, as high-level modules can be easily replaced or modified without affecting low-level modules. Dependency inversion also enables dependency injection, which is the technique of passing dependencies as parameters or properties to the modules that need them. Dependency injection facilitates testing, as dependencies can be easily mocked or stubbed to isolate the modules under test.

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6 Loose coupling

Loose coupling is the principle of designing code such that modules interact with each other through minimal and simple interfaces. Loose coupling reduces the dependencies and increases the modularity of code, as modules can be reused and composed in different ways. Loose coupling also enables event-driven communication, which is the technique of using events or messages to notify or request information from other modules. Event-driven communication simplifies testing, as events or messages can be easily observed or generated to verify the behavior of the modules.

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7 MVVM as an example

The Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern is a software design pattern that applies the principles of separation of concerns, dependency inversion, and loose coupling to create user interfaces. The MVVM pattern consists of three main components: the Model, the View, and the ViewModel. The Model represents the data and business logic of the application. The View represents the user interface and user interactions. The ViewModel represents the state and behavior of the View, and acts as a bridge between the Model and the View. The MVVM pattern makes code easy to test, as each component can be tested separately, and the dependencies between them can be injected or observed.

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8 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Adhithi Ravichandran

Founder and Software Consultant @ Surya Consulting, Inc. | ?? Author | ?? Keynote Speaker | ?? AI Solutions for React Projects
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Keep It Simple, Stupid (KISS) As software engineers, we get ambitious and carried away sometimes while architecting and designing software solutions. The KISS principle, helps us stay grounded! Avoid over-engineering solutions, and solving for the future. Instead keep your design, code, and architecture simple, and code for the current requirements. This makes your code easier to test.

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What software design principles make code easy to test?

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4

5

6

7

8

1 What is testability?

2 Why is testability important?

3 How to design code for testability?

4 Separation of concerns

5 Dependency inversion

6 Loose coupling

7 MVVM as an example

8 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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What software design principles make code easy to test?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 What is testability?

2 Why is testability important?

3 How to design code for testability?

4 Separation of concerns

5 Dependency inversion

6 Loose coupling

7 MVVM as an example

8 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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