What are the most interesting examples of generative AI in medicine?

Here are some of the most interesting examples: Drug Discovery and Development: Generative AI models can propose new molecular structures that may lead to effective drugs by learning from vast databases of known compounds and their properties. AI systems such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) or variational autoencoders (VAEs) can be used to generate novel molecules with desired characteristics. Personalized Medicine: AI models can analyze patient data to generate personalized treatment plans. By considering an individual’s genetic makeup, lifestyle, and clinical history, these models can predict the effectiveness of various treatment options, side effects, and disease progression.

Closing the gap between measurable genetic information and observable traits is a longstanding challenge in genomics. The prediction of molecular phenotypes from DNA sequences remains limited and inaccurate. But with LLM models this is going to change. For eg, researchers from Stanford have unveiled HyenaDNA, a large language model trained on one million human genomic sequences. The researchers hypothesize that future models like HyenaDNA could be used to prompt ChatGPT with an entire human genome and ask it questions about a disease or to predict drug reactions.

Generative AI, especially GANs, is revolutionizing medical imaging. ??????? It's like using a super-smart Photoshop for medical images. GANs take low-quality scans and magically enhance them, filling in gaps, clarifying details, and boosting resolution. This helps doctors spot issues more clearly without needing more scans or exposing patients to extra radiation. It's a game-changer for quick, accurate diagnoses and safer patient care. ????

Generative AI is revolutionizing medicine! ?? One fascinating example is drug discovery, where AI models predict molecular behavior, speeding up the development of new treatments. Another is personalized medicine, tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles. The potential is limitless! ???? #GenerativeAI #InnovationInMedicine #FutureOfHealthcare #DigitalHealthRevolution

Examples I am aware of Improving Prostate Cancer Detection: Paige.AI, a digital pathology company, integrated genAI into its products to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of prostate cancer detection, marking a significant stride in digital pathology Accelerating Drug Discovery: Insilico Medicine utilized genAI to accelerate the process of drug discovery. It moved from novel-target discovery to preclinical candidate in just 18 months, spending only $2.6 million, showcasing the potential cost and time efficiencies genAI brings. Automating Admin Processes: Doximity, Abridge, and DeepScribe use genAI apps that automate admin processes such as documentation, claims handling, preauthorization and appeals, patient onboarding, and scheduling.

Generative AI has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery, specifically in areas where researchers face challenges due to the lack of data when it comes to complex diseases like Alzheimer's. The complexity of the disease makes it challenging to identify which data are most relevant for understanding the disease. The AI/Drug researchers can start by collecting data on compounds that affect amyloid-beta production. The generative AI model, like a GAN or VAE, can be trained on the collected data to learn the structure-activity relationships that govern how molecular structures interact with amyloid-beta or its precursor proteins in the brain. The AI model would generate new chemical entities predicted to reduce amyloid-beta levels.

In drug discovery, there are several specific examples where gen AI is helpful. In small molecules drug design, gen AI is used to generate novel chemical structures optimized towards desired properties: safety, activity on a specific target protein, solubility, synthesizability, and so on. Great example is Hong Kong/US-based Insilico Medicine. They pioneered gen AI with their GAN-based Chemistry42 syste. The molecules suggested by it are already in clinical trials, e.g. for pulmonary fibrosis. Other great example is Generate Biomedicine, which uses gen AI to design unnatural therapeutic proteins with desired properties.

Generative AI is like a high-tech assistant in the drug discovery process. ?????? It's capable of imagining new molecules and compounds that could be potential drugs, much like a chemist with an infinite imagination. Plus, it can predict how these drugs might behave in the body, their effectiveness, and possible side effects. This speeds up the development of new medications and helps tailor treatments to individual patients, making medicine more efficient and personalized. It's a huge step forward in creating better, safer drugs. ????

Generative AI's ability to craft entirely new molecules with specific properties or target protein interactions is revolutionary. Its predictive capabilities regarding toxicity, efficacy, and drug interactions streamline the drug development, and cost. Incorporating generative AI-driven drug discovery into the curriculum exposes students to cutting-edge techniques and underscores the importance of harnessing technology for medical advancements. It highlights the potential for personalized medicine, emphasizing the importance of tailoring treatments to individual patient needs. Generative AI in drug discovery prepares future clinicians for a landscape where technology plays a pivotal role in improving patient outcomes.

Drug resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of many diseases, there is no longer responsiveness to the drugs that were once used to treat them earlier.generative AI can be used to design drugs that are able to block the mechanisms used to develop resistance. Generative AI can be used to design molecules that are able to bind to different sites on the target protein

Companies like Deep Genomics, Ginkgo Bioworks, BioMap, and some others, are building foundation models for biology to be able to query specific insights on cellular processes, pretty much like in ChatGPT. For instance, Deep Genomics created foundation model for transcriptomics, to be able to generate new therepeutically relevant insights about gene expression and translation. Ginkgo recently partnered with Google Cloud to build a foundation model focused on genomics, and proteomics, and other things in cells. They will be using gen AI to find ways to controll cellular processes for a wide range of synbio applications. BioMap is focused on modeling proteins space. However, gen AI crucially depends on data, and we still have limits...

Generative AI's role in disease modeling and simulation is a significant asset in medical education. It leverages diverse data sources to create realistic disease progression scenarios, aiding in comprehensive understanding. The ability to generate synthetic data is particularly valuable when real data is limited or biased. This empowers educators to teach disease dynamics effectively. Moreover, it equips clinicians and epidemiologists with tools to predict and optimize disease management strategies. As a medical educator, I see generative AI as a vital component in preparing students for data-driven healthcare, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.

Generative AI in disease modeling is like having a high-tech crystal ball. ?????? It takes heaps of health data and uses it to simulate various disease scenarios. This helps medical experts visualize how a disease could progress, spread, and react to treatments. It's particularly useful when real data is hard to come by or too sensitive to use. By creating these virtual disease models, doctors and researchers can better understand illnesses and plan effective strategies for tackling them. It's a big leap forward in predicting and managing health crises. ????????

- For instance, generative AI can analyze vast datasets, including clinical records, genetic information, and environmental factors, to create realistic simulations of disease progression. - These simulations provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers, enabling them to better understand and predict disease behaviors and responses to treatments. - Additionally, generative AI can generate synthetic data, which proves indispensable when real data is limited, biased, or sensitive. - This technology is enhancing our ability to assess and optimize disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy strategies. #GenerativeAI #MedicineInnovation #DiseaseModeling #AIinHealthcare

It can be used to create realistic simulations of surgical procedures, using synthetic images and videos .They can be used to train surgeons and other professionals.

Generative AI plays a vital role in medical education by simulating realistic medical scenarios, from surgeries to consultations. It offers interactive learning, adaptive difficulty levels, and personalized feedback, enhancing the competence and confidence of medical students and practitioners. This technology transforms traditional education into engaging, dynamic, and effective training experiences in the field of medicine.

Continuous learning and personalizing guidance at the field level for community health workers (CHWs) can be transformed using the conversational formats of LLMs. By supporting the framework using existing knowledge-base and updating it with real-time feedback can further reinforce the accuracy and quality of the training content and delivery.

Virtual Patients: Generative AI creates virtual patient scenarios, allowing medical students to practice diagnosing and treating various conditions in a risk-free environment. Personalized Learning: AI generates adaptive learning paths for medical students, customizing educational content based on their learning pace and style.

Generative AI has the potential to revolutionize medical education, functioning like a high-tech, personalized tutor. It has an ability to create hyper-realistic 3D models of human anatomy and simulate rare medical conditions, allowing students to explore and learn in ways that were once unimaginable. This technology can transform complex medical concepts into interactive, engaging experiences, akin to a mix of a detailed encyclopedia, a virtual reality game, and a medical drama, all designed to enhance learning and decision-making skills in future healthcare professionals.

AI-generated medical simulations provide a safe and controlled environment for students and trainees to practice intricate procedures, refine clinical decision-making, and develop critical thinking skills. The ability to receive tailored feedback and guidance in real-time is invaluable. Moreover, the adaptability of AI-generated scenarios allows us to cater to learners at various levels, ensuring that each individual's learning journey is optimized. As medical educators, we embrace this technology as it promises to enhance the quality of education, boost learner confidence, and ultimately improve patient care.

It's important to consider guardrails that let generative AI applications in medicine (1) always source their generated content, where appropriate, (2) first determine whether the user prompt is one with which they should help, and (3) provide caveats and limitations to their answers, clarifying to users what additional sources of information are good to look into before taking their advice.

- For instance, researchers have used #GANs to amplify #MRI resolution, resulting in clearer, more detailed images of organs or tissues, thereby assisting clinicians in identifying subtle anomalies that might have been previously overlooked. - However, as this technology advances, ethical concerns surface. - Ensuring the authenticity, privacy, and ethical usage of generated data becomes paramount. - Striking a balance between innovation and regulatory oversight stands as a challenge, necessitating robust frameworks to guarantee fairness, transparency, and accountability within generative AI applications in medicine. #AIinMedicine #GenerativeAI #MedicalImaging #EthicalAI #HealthTech #InnovationEthics

Patient Privacy and Data Security: Gen AI often requires large datasets, including sensitive patient information. Ensuring the confidentiality and security of this data is paramount. There's a risk of data breaches or misuse of personal health information, which could have serious consequences for patients' privacy. Bias and Fairness: AI systems can inherit biases present in their training data. In medicine, this could lead to disparities in diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and patient outcomes. Other ethical concerns: -Transparency and Explainability -Accountability and Liability -Informed Consent -Accessibility and Equity -Impact on Clinical Practice -Moral and Ethical Boundaries

AI-powered NLP tools can extract valuable insights from vast scientific literature, aiding researchers in staying up to date with the latest advancements. NLP algorithms are being used to extract valuable information from unstructured medical reports, making it more accessible for analysis and integration into AI systems.

I think we should be careful not to expect that AI will be easily or immediately adopted into medicine. Many hospitals still use fax machines, and most medical practice is slow to improve. As an example, research has found that it can take 17 years for research evidence to disseminate into health care practice. It's also been estimated that only 14 percent of available evidence enters daily clinical practice (2). References 1: Source: Morris ZS, Wooding S, Grant J. The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational research. J R Soc Med. 2011 Dec;104(12):510-20. 2: Practice-Based Research—"Blue Highways" on the NIH Roadmap, John M. Westfall; James Mold; Lyle Fagnan. JAMA. 2007;297(4):403-406

Image segmentation is vital in medical imaging, involving the identification and delineation of specific structures or regions of interest. Generative AI models have demonstrated exceptional performance in automating image segmentation tasks, reducing the time and subjectivity associated with this process.

Here are some potential examples on how Gen AI could impact the medical industry, Customized Care & Guided Diagnosis - vast amount of healthcare data is fragmented across medical records and family history which can be easily analyzed using Generative AI technology to summarize relevant information. This information can be used for curating customised care plans for each individual patient based on their unique requirements. Population Health Management - Gen AI could used to identify healthcare trends in location wise population and recommend allocation of appropriate resources based on information. This could lead to an overall improvement in the well-being of a mass regional population.

I have observed a reluctance to adopt new technology, particularly among some senior practitioners. This presents a substantial impediment to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine. Although it is often presented as being sensibly risk averse, in reality it can include a lack of familiarity with emerging technologies, an entrenched reliance on traditional methodologies, and apprehensions regarding the learning curve associated with AI implementation.

Generative AI is also transforming healthcare across clinical operations, patient engagement, and digital health solutions. 1. Clinical Ops & Support: AI streamlines data management, research, and decision support by summarizing clinical documents, extracting insights, and efficiently routing complex cases. 2. Patient Engagement: It simplifies insurance comprehension, offers comprehensive patient engagement, and creates treatment follow-up plans for better adherence. 3. Digital Health Solutions: AI-driven chatbots assist in self-help and monitoring, enable remote medical care, ensure privacy compliance, and offer personalized wearable-based recommendations. These applications exemplify generative AI's promising potential in healthcare.