What are the most effective ways to monitor invasive species?

1 Remote sensing

Remote sensing is the use of satellites, drones, or aircrafts to collect data on the surface of the earth without direct contact. Remote sensing can provide large-scale and high-resolution information on the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of invasive species. For example, remote sensing can detect changes in vegetation cover, land use, or water quality caused by invasive plants or animals. Remote sensing can also help identify potential invasion pathways or hotspots by analyzing environmental factors such as climate, soil, or topography.

2 Molecular techniques

Molecular techniques are the use of DNA or RNA to identify, quantify, or characterize invasive species. Molecular techniques can offer high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting invasive species, especially at low densities or in complex habitats. For example, molecular techniques can use genetic markers, barcodes, or metabarcoding to distinguish between native and invasive species, or to trace the origin and evolution of invasive populations. Molecular techniques can also use environmental DNA (eDNA), which is DNA extracted from water, soil, or air samples, to detect the presence of invasive species without capturing or observing them.

4 Sensor networks

Sensor networks are systems of interconnected devices that can measure, record, or transmit physical or biological parameters. Sensor networks can enable real-time and continuous monitoring of invasive species and their effects on the environment. For example, sensor networks can use acoustic, optical, or chemical sensors to track the movement, behavior, or interactions of invasive animals or plants. Sensor networks can also use wireless, internet, or cloud technologies to store, analyze, or visualize the data collected by the sensors.

5 Modeling and simulation

Modeling and simulation are the use of mathematical or computational methods to represent, predict, or test the dynamics of invasive species and their impacts. Modeling and simulation can integrate data from different sources, scales, or dimensions, and incorporate uncertainty, variability, or complexity. For example, modeling and simulation can use statistical, mechanistic, or agent-based models to estimate the potential distribution, spread, or risk of invasive species under different scenarios. Modeling and simulation can also use optimization, decision support, or scenario analysis tools to evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, or trade-offs of different management options.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?