What are the most effective ways to minimize radiation exposure during radiography procedures?

1 ALARA concept

The ALARA concept is a fundamental principle of radiation protection that states that all exposures to radiation should be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account social and economic factors. This means that every radiography procedure should be justified by a clear clinical indication, optimized by using appropriate techniques and equipment, and limited by applying dose constraints and reference levels. The ALARA concept also implies that radiation exposure should be regularly monitored and recorded, and that staff should receive adequate training and education on radiation safety.

2 Time factor

One of the simplest and most effective ways to minimize radiation exposure during radiography procedures is to reduce the time spent in the vicinity of the radiation source. This applies to both patients and staff, who should be exposed only for the duration of the procedure, and avoid unnecessary delays or repeats. The time factor can be influenced by several factors, such as the type and speed of the film or digital detector, the number and size of the views, the positioning and immobilization of the patient, and the availability and maintenance of the equipment.

3 Distance factor

Another important way to minimize radiation exposure during radiography procedures is to increase the distance from the radiation source. This is based on the inverse square law, which states that the intensity of radiation decreases proportionally to the square of the distance from the source. This means that doubling the distance from the source reduces the exposure by a factor of four, and vice versa. Therefore, staff should maintain as much distance as possible from the primary beam and the patient, and use collimators, cones, or grids to limit the size of the beam. Patients should also be separated from each other by at least two meters, or by using lead partitions or curtains.

4 Shielding factor

The third way to minimize radiation exposure during radiography procedures is to use shielding materials that can attenuate or absorb the radiation. This can be done by placing lead aprons, gloves, thyroid shields, or goggles on the patient or staff, depending on the body part being imaged and the level of exposure. Shielding can also be done by using lead walls, doors, windows, or screens in the radiography room, or by using mobile lead barriers or shields for portable or bedside procedures. Shielding should be inspected regularly for cracks, holes, or defects, and replaced if necessary.

Radiography is a valuable diagnostic tool, but it also requires careful attention to radiation safety and protection. By following the ALARA concept and the three factors of time, distance, and shielding, you can minimize radiation exposure during radiography procedures and ensure the health and well-being of yourself and your patients.

5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?