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What are the most effective strategies for managing critical incidents in CISM and EM?

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Critical incidents are events that cause severe psychological or emotional stress, such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, mass shootings, or accidents. They can affect individuals, groups, or communities, and pose significant challenges for emergency management (EM) and critical incident stress management (CISM) professionals. How can they cope with the demands and impacts of such situations? In this article, we will explore some of the most effective strategies for managing critical incidents in CISM and EM.

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Dario Lugo

Senior Manager, Emergency Management & Business Continuity, Office of Safety and Security Fairfax County Public Schools

1 Define the scope and goals

The first step in managing a critical incident is to define its scope and goals. This means identifying the type, severity, duration, and location of the incident, as well as the affected population and their needs. It also means setting clear and realistic objectives for the response, recovery, and mitigation phases. By defining the scope and goals, you can establish a common vision and direction for your team and stakeholders, and prioritize your actions and resources accordingly.

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Dario Lugo

Senior Manager, Emergency Management & Business Continuity, Office of Safety and Security Fairfax County Public Schools
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Clarity: Clearly defining the scope and goals helps in understanding the boundaries and limitations. Resource Allocation: By defining the scope and goals, it becomes easier to allocate the necessary resources effectively. Prioritization: Setting goals allows for the prioritization of tasks and activities. Coordination: Defining the scope and goals facilitates better coordination among different stakeholders involved in managing the incident. Evaluation: Clearly defined goals provide a benchmark for evaluating the success of the incident management efforts. Overall defining the scope and goals at the beginning of managing a critical incident sets a clear direction, optimizes resource and provides a basis for evaluation and improvement.

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2 Establish a command structure and communication system

The second step in managing a critical incident is to establish a command structure and communication system. This means assigning roles and responsibilities to your team members and partners, and creating a chain of command and coordination. It also means setting up a reliable and secure communication system that allows you to share information, updates, and instructions with your team and stakeholders, as well as to receive feedback and requests from them. By establishing a command structure and communication system, you can ensure a smooth and efficient operation and collaboration, and avoid confusion and conflict.

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3 Implement a CISM protocol

The third step in managing a critical incident is to implement a CISM protocol. This means applying a set of interventions and techniques that aim to prevent or reduce the negative effects of stress and trauma on your team and the affected population. It also means providing support and assistance to those who need it, such as counseling, debriefing, education, or referral. By implementing a CISM protocol, you can enhance the well-being and resilience of your team and the affected population, and facilitate their recovery and adaptation.

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4 Monitor and evaluate the situation and the outcomes

The fourth step in managing a critical incident is to monitor and evaluate the situation and the outcomes. This means collecting and analyzing data and feedback on the progress and performance of your team and the response, recovery, and mitigation activities. It also means identifying and addressing any gaps, challenges, or risks that may arise or persist, and adjusting your plans and actions accordingly. By monitoring and evaluating the situation and the outcomes, you can ensure the quality and effectiveness of your work, and learn from your experience.

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5 Recognize and reward your team and partners

The fifth step in managing a critical incident is to recognize and reward your team and partners. This means acknowledging and appreciating the efforts and contributions of your team members and partners, and celebrating their achievements and successes. It also means providing incentives and opportunities for their professional development and growth, such as training, mentoring, or promotion. By recognizing and rewarding your team and partners, you can boost their morale and motivation, and strengthen your relationships and trust.

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Dario Lugo

Senior Manager, Emergency Management & Business Continuity, Office of Safety and Security Fairfax County Public Schools
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These actions are signs of leader.A good leader acknowledges and recognizes the efforts and contributions of their team members. They publicly acknowledge their accomplishments and give credit where it is due. This should be common practice in effective leadership. A good leader shows genuine appreciation for the hard work and dedication of their team. They express gratitude for the efforts made and recognize the value each individual brings to the team. A good leader supports their team through challenges and obstacles; empowers their team by trusting their abilities and delegating responsibilities, maintaining open and clear communication with their team.

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6 Review and improve your practices and policies

The sixth step in managing a critical incident is to review and improve your practices and policies. This means conducting a comprehensive and systematic assessment of your strengths and weaknesses, and the lessons learned from the critical incident. It also means developing and implementing recommendations and actions for improving your practices and policies, such as updating your protocols, procedures, or standards. By reviewing and improving your practices and policies, you can increase your preparedness and capacity for future critical incidents, and enhance your professionalism and credibility.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Dario Lugo

Senior Manager, Emergency Management & Business Continuity, Office of Safety and Security Fairfax County Public Schools
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In my experience,I’ve noted that one aspect that is often overlooked but crucial in establishing emergency response teams is diversity. Having a diverse team can bring different perspectives, experiences, and skills to the table, which can be invaluable in effectively responding to various emergencies. It is important to have team members with different backgrounds, expertise, and abilities to ensure that all aspects of emergency response are adequately covered. Additionally, diversity can enhance problem-solving abilities, promote innovation, and increase cultural competency, allowing the team to better serve and understand the needs of diverse populations during emergencies.

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What are the most effective strategies for managing critical incidents in CISM and EM?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Define the scope and goals

2 Establish a command structure and communication system

3 Implement a CISM protocol

4 Monitor and evaluate the situation and the outcomes

5 Recognize and reward your team and partners

6 Review and improve your practices and policies

7 Here’s what else to consider

Emergency Management

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What are the most effective strategies for managing critical incidents in CISM and EM?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Define the scope and goals

2 Establish a command structure and communication system

3 Implement a CISM protocol

4 Monitor and evaluate the situation and the outcomes

5 Recognize and reward your team and partners

6 Review and improve your practices and policies

7 Here’s what else to consider

Emergency Management

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