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What are the most effective methods for heavy oil production?

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Heavy oil is a type of crude oil that has a high viscosity and density, making it more difficult and costly to produce than conventional oil. Heavy oil resources are abundant and widely distributed around the world, but they require special methods to enhance their recovery and transportation. In this article, you will learn about some of the most effective methods for heavy oil production, such as thermal recovery, chemical injection, and in-situ combustion.

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Husham Elbaloula

Reservoir Engineer Consultant | Production Enhancement, Awarded as the EOR Africa Regional Leader from the…
Ashish Fatnani

Business Development | Digital Transformation | Energy Transition
Stella Eyitayo

Geo-energy storage, Reservoir modeling and simulation, Asset Evaluation, Reserve Reporting, Produced Water Management…

1 Thermal recovery

One of the most common and widely used methods for heavy oil production is thermal recovery, which involves injecting steam, hot water, or other heated fluids into the reservoir to reduce the viscosity and increase the mobility of the oil. Thermal recovery can be applied in different ways, such as cyclic steam stimulation, steam flooding, or steam-assisted gravity drainage. Thermal recovery can increase the recovery factor of heavy oil by 10 to 60 percent, depending on the reservoir characteristics and the injection strategy.

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Husham Elbaloula

Reservoir Engineer Consultant | Production Enhancement, Awarded as the EOR Africa Regional Leader from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Technical Collaboration Program (TCP) – EOR , 2021.
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There are three primary methods for heavy oil field production: Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS), and Chemical EOR. The most effective approach varies significantly between fields due to differences in fluid and reservoir properties. However, based on actual case studies and published papers, thermal EOR is consistently the most successful method for heavy oil production, with the highest recovery factor among the three techniques.

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Ashish Fatnani

Business Development | Digital Transformation | Energy Transition
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Another technique not covered here is CHOPS Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) intentionally allows sand influx during well completion and throughout its productive life without using sand exclusion devices. It's primarily applied in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs with viscous oil, commonly in the Canadian heavy-oil belt. CHOPS involves separating sand, oil, water, and gas before upgrading to synthetic crude. This technique, successful in shallow, low-production-rate wells, is now influencing sand influx management in other oil production methods, akin to the cavity completion approach used in coalbed methane exploitation for increasing well productivity.

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Stella Eyitayo

Geo-energy storage, Reservoir modeling and simulation, Asset Evaluation, Reserve Reporting, Produced Water Management, and Energy Sustainability.
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Thermal recovery methods, like steam injection, are preferred for heavy oil recovery due to their ability to decrease oil viscosity, enhance fluid mobility, and increase recovery rates. These techniques are adaptable to various reservoir conditions, offer economic viability despite initial capital costs, and can mitigate environmental impacts.

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MESHACH MARKUS

Certified Resume Writer & Career Coach | Cover Letter Writing | Interview Preparation | Mock Interviews | Mastering Job Search Processes & LinkedIn Strategies
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Thermal recovery is used to produce viscous, thick oils. These oils cannot flow unless they are heated and their viscosity is reduced enough to allow flow toward producing wells. During thermal recovery, crude oil undergoes physical and chemical changes because of the effects of the heat supplied. Physical properties such as viscosity, specific gravity and interfacial tension are altered. The chemical changes involve different reactions such as cracking, which is the destruction of carbon-carbon bonds to generate lower molecular weight compounds, and dehydrogenation, which is the rupture of carbon-hydrogen bonds.Hot fluid injection such as steam injection and hot waterflooding and in-situ combustion processes.

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Virendra Kumar Singh Sisodia CIPM, MTech, MBA (Mktg/Finance)

Management Consultant in Energy Sector. J1 - FCC Residual Engg. till startup, VMP, JERP - Concept to Startup, J3-ROGC PM, C2 Complex-EP Contract Manager. Adjunct-Prof @VIMR, Pursuing PhD under Prof. D S Chauhan.
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The optimal method depends on specific reservoir characteristics and economic considerations. Most effective method for heavy oil production is Thermal recovery where steam injection into the reservoir is done to reduce oil viscosity, enabling easier extraction. Additionally, solvent-based processes and enhanced oil recovery techniques can enhance heavy oil production.

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2 Chemical injection

Another method for heavy oil production is chemical injection, which involves injecting substances that can alter the properties of the oil or the rock-fluid interactions, such as polymers, surfactants, alkaline agents, or solvents. Chemical injection can enhance the recovery of heavy oil by improving the sweep efficiency, reducing the interfacial tension, increasing the oil solubility, or changing the wettability of the rock. Chemical injection can increase the recovery factor of heavy oil by 5 to 30 percent, depending on the type and concentration of the chemicals used and the reservoir conditions.

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MESHACH MARKUS

Certified Resume Writer & Career Coach | Cover Letter Writing | Interview Preparation | Mock Interviews | Mastering Job Search Processes & LinkedIn Strategies
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A Chemical Injection process involves the introduction of specialized chemicals to the oil & gas flow stream or reservoir to perform certain specific processes. The specialized chemicals can be injected into the produced oil & gas flow stream from the wellhead or can be injected through an annulus downhole into the oil and gas reservoirs. Specialty chemicals injected into a produced oil & gas well stream can be used to improve separation, reduce foaming, and reduce corrosion.

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3 In-situ combustion

A third method for heavy oil production is in-situ combustion, which involves igniting a portion of the oil in the reservoir and creating a combustion front that drives the rest of the oil towards the production wells. In-situ combustion can generate heat, gas, and steam that can lower the viscosity, increase the pressure, and displace the oil. In-situ combustion can increase the recovery factor of heavy oil by 10 to 50 percent, depending on the oil quality, the oxygen supply, and the combustion control.

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4 Horizontal wells

A fourth method for heavy oil production is horizontal wells, which are wells that deviate from the vertical direction and penetrate the reservoir horizontally or at a low angle. Horizontal wells can increase the contact area between the well and the reservoir, reduce the pressure drop along the wellbore, and improve the drainage efficiency. Horizontal wells can increase the recovery factor of heavy oil by 5 to 20 percent, depending on the reservoir heterogeneity, the well spacing, and the completion design.

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5 Electromagnetic heating

A fifth method for heavy oil production is electromagnetic heating, which involves applying an electric or magnetic field to the reservoir to induce heat generation within the oil-bearing formation. Electromagnetic heating can reduce the viscosity and increase the flowability of the oil without requiring the injection of fluids or the combustion of oil. Electromagnetic heating can increase the recovery factor of heavy oil by 5 to 15 percent, depending on the frequency, intensity, and duration of the field and the reservoir conductivity.

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6 Hybrid methods

A sixth method for heavy oil production is hybrid methods, which involve combining two or more of the methods mentioned above to achieve synergistic effects and optimize the performance. Hybrid methods can enhance the recovery of heavy oil by exploiting the advantages and overcoming the limitations of each method, such as increasing the heat transfer, reducing the chemical consumption, or accelerating the combustion. Hybrid methods can increase the recovery factor of heavy oil by 10 to 70 percent, depending on the reservoir characteristics and the method selection.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the most effective methods for heavy oil production?

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1 Thermal recovery

2 Chemical injection

3 In-situ combustion

4 Horizontal wells

5 Electromagnetic heating

6 Hybrid methods

7 Here’s what else to consider

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