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What are the most common IP camera power and cabling issues?

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IP cameras are becoming more popular and affordable for home and business security, but they also come with some challenges. One of the most common issues that users face is how to power and cable their cameras properly. In this article, we will explain some of the basics of IP camera power and cabling, and how to troubleshoot some of the most common problems.

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1 Power over Ethernet (PoE)

One of the most convenient ways to power and connect your IP cameras is to use Power over Ethernet (PoE). This means that you can use a single Ethernet cable to transmit both data and electricity to your camera, without needing a separate power adapter. PoE can simplify your installation and reduce your wiring costs, but you need to make sure that your camera and your network switch or injector support the same PoE standard. There are different types of PoE, such as IEEE 802.3af, IEEE 802.3at, and IEEE 802.3bt, and they have different voltage and wattage ratings. If you use a PoE device that does not match your camera's specifications, you may damage your camera or cause it to malfunction.

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David McCarthy

Chief Technology Officer @ Trendset | Business Strategist | Sales and Marketing Guru
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My experience with PoE issue no matter what the protocol is has typically led me back to Layer 1. Bad Terminations, Bad Connectors, Longer than Standards allow Cabling, and haphazard installation practices.

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Stephen Purificato

Manufacturers Rep and Security Consultant
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There are many things that should be considered to assure effective PoE deployment. First cabling must follow BICSI standards, such as cable distances to not exceed 300’ including patch cords. Cables need to be tested and certified. Cable gauge should be considered by distance, wattage, and data being transmitted. Never use Cat 5 for a 8 MP camera 300’ in distance. Second, cable paths should be supported properly and pathways need to be free of high voltage pathways. Alien crosstalk or voltage interference will distort or cripple video communication. Heat will also cause video loss. Lastly, network switches need to be properly sized and balanced. Just because a switch has 48 PoE ports doesn’t mean you can load it up with cameras.

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2 Ethernet cable types and lengths

Another factor that affects your IP camera performance is the type and length of the Ethernet cable that you use. Ethernet cables are classified into categories, such as Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat6a, and they have different bandwidth and transmission speed capabilities. For IP cameras, you should use at least Cat5e or Cat6 cables, as they can support higher resolutions and frame rates. You should also avoid using cables that are longer than 100 meters, as this can cause signal degradation and packet loss. If you need to extend your cable beyond 100 meters, you should use a repeater or a switch to boost the signal.

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Colin O'Gallagher

Solving high-performance network challenges with the most powerful solutions - Panduit, nVent, T1Nexus, Prysmian, STI Firestop, Nextivity, Dura-Line, EXFO, Ventev, WBT Performance Tray, BS Cable, Cailabs
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If your camera deployment exceeds the 90m permanent link limitation, check out General Cable’s MAX cable which can support Ethernet to 200m and is covered by a 25 year warranty. Data rate and PoE performance published for reference.

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3 IP camera settings and network configuration

Sometimes, the problem with your IP camera is not related to the power or the cabling, but to the settings and configuration of the camera and the network. For example, you may need to adjust the IP address, the subnet mask, the gateway, and the DNS server of your camera to match your network settings. You may also need to enable or disable certain features, such as DHCP, UPnP, or ONVIF, depending on your network environment and preferences. You can usually access and modify these settings through a web browser or a software application that comes with your camera. You should also check your network firewall and router settings to make sure that they allow your camera to communicate with your devices and the internet.

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4 IP camera image quality and bandwidth

One of the main advantages of IP cameras is that they can provide high-quality images and videos, but this also means that they consume more bandwidth and storage space. If you notice that your IP camera image is blurry, pixelated, distorted, or lagging, you may need to optimize your camera settings and network resources. For example, you can lower the resolution, the frame rate, or the bit rate of your camera to reduce the amount of data that it generates. You can also use a compression format, such as H.264 or H.265, to compress the data without losing much quality. You should also consider using a dedicated network or a separate VLAN for your IP cameras, to avoid interference and congestion from other devices and applications.

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Stephen Purificato

Manufacturers Rep and Security Consultant
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I would also add for larger system, that you consult with an RSDD for cabling design and a IT network engineer for VLAN and Switch design.

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5 IP camera security and privacy

Finally, one of the most important issues that you should consider when using IP cameras is how to protect your security and privacy. IP cameras are vulnerable to hacking, spying, and unauthorized access, especially if they are connected to the internet. You should take some measures to secure your IP cameras and your network, such as changing the default passwords, updating the firmware, encrypting the data, and using a VPN. You should also be aware of the laws and regulations that apply to your location and situation, such as whether you need to inform or obtain consent from the people that you are recording, or whether you need to store or delete the footage after a certain period of time.

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Stephen Purificato

Manufacturers Rep and Security Consultant
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I would also add that you should use NDAA compliance cameras, NVR’s and Switches. This will give an end to end compliant system. VLAN your camera network so it is separated from all other critical systems in your organization. For organizations that are most likely to be compromised by a cyber attach I would suggest having a qualified cyber security company perform a penetration test of your system.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the most common IP camera power and cabling issues?

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3

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1 Power over Ethernet (PoE)

2 Ethernet cable types and lengths

3 IP camera settings and network configuration

4 IP camera image quality and bandwidth

5 IP camera security and privacy

6 Here’s what else to consider

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