A fourth challenge with instructional alignment is the lack of alignment flexibility and adaptability that can allow teachers and curriculum developers to adjust and modify the alignment of the instructional components according to the changing needs, contexts, and situations. Without alignment flexibility and adaptability, it can be difficult to respond to the diversity, variability, and unpredictability of the learners, the content, the environment, and the standards and outcomes. For example, teachers may not have the autonomy, authority, or resources to adapt their instruction to the different learning styles, preferences, or abilities of their students, or to the different curriculum demands, expectations, or opportunities of their disciplines or institutions. To address this challenge, it is crucial to foster and encourage alignment flexibility and adaptability that can enable teachers and curriculum developers to align their instruction with the standards and outcomes in a dynamic and responsive way. For example, using alignment principles, frameworks, or models that can guide and inform the alignment process, but also allow for flexibility and adaptability, or using alignment strategies, techniques, or methods that can accommodate and differentiate the alignment process according to the specific needs, contexts, and situations.