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What are the major uncertainties and risks in geotechnical engineering and construction projects?

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Geotechnical engineering and construction projects involve the design and execution of structures and foundations that interact with the soil, rock, groundwater, and other natural materials. These projects are often complex, challenging, and subject to various uncertainties and risks that can affect their performance, safety, cost, and environmental impact. In this article, you will learn about some of the major sources of uncertainty and risk in geotechnical engineering and construction projects, and how they can be identified, assessed, and managed.

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Michael T.

Engineering Geologist ?? | Host of The GI Podcast ??| Geotech/GeoEnv recruitment specialist (UK, USA, NZ and Australia)…
Pedro Mata

PhD geological engineering, MSc in management. Deputy Managing Director at Alfermetal; Administrator at Sam Ships

1 Site characterization

One of the most important and difficult tasks in geotechnical engineering and construction projects is to obtain reliable and representative information about the subsurface conditions and properties. Site characterization involves the use of various methods, such as drilling, sampling, testing, geophysical surveys, and remote sensing, to collect and interpret data about the soil, rock, groundwater, and other features of the site. However, site characterization is often limited by time, budget, access, and availability of data, and can be affected by spatial variability, heterogeneity, anisotropy, and uncertainty of measurements. Therefore, site characterization requires careful planning, execution, quality control, and analysis, as well as the use of probabilistic and statistical methods, to reduce the uncertainty and risk associated with the subsurface data.

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Michael T.

Engineering Geologist ?? | Host of The GI Podcast ??| Geotech/GeoEnv recruitment specialist (UK, USA, NZ and Australia) ??♂? 07565 593 127 I [email protected]
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Major uncertainties and risks in geotechnical engineering and construction projects include soil variability, unforeseen ground conditions, geological hazards, and weather-related factors. Soil properties can vary, impacting foundation design and stability. Unforeseen ground conditions like contaminated soil, can disrupt plans and budgets. Weather-related issues, such as heavy rainfall or extreme temperatures, can affect construction schedules and safety. Additionally, project-specific factors like design errors, budget overruns, and regulatory changes can contribute to uncertainties and risks. Effective risk management and thorough site investigations are crucial in mitigating these challenges.

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2 Design methods

Another source of uncertainty and risk in geotechnical engineering and construction projects is the selection and application of design methods. Design methods are the procedures and criteria used to evaluate the stability, strength, deformation, and failure modes of geotechnical structures and foundations, such as slopes, retaining walls, tunnels, dams, foundations, piles, and anchors. Design methods can be based on empirical, analytical, numerical, or experimental approaches, or a combination of them, and can vary in their complexity, accuracy, and applicability. However, design methods can also be affected by assumptions, simplifications, limitations, and errors, and can have different levels of uncertainty and reliability. Therefore, design methods require a sound understanding of the geotechnical problem, the site conditions, the design parameters, the failure criteria, and the uncertainty and risk analysis, as well as the use of appropriate safety factors, codes, standards, and guidelines.

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Pedro Mata

PhD geological engineering, MSc in management. Deputy Managing Director at Alfermetal; Administrator at Sam Ships
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As Michael Taylor said "Major uncertainties and risks in geotechnical engineering and construction projects include soil variability, unforeseen ground conditions, geological hazards, and weather-related factors". However in must cases there is not a methodical risk management approach in the construction fase of special foundations as piles, pilar panels, etc. In order to deal with that I proposed in my investigation that each project or site manager provide, from their experience, a table of uncertain occurrences and their correspondent likelihood and cost. With that, it can elaborated Risk event trees in order to quantify the value of the risk and decide if you mitigate, incur or eliminate it, and what this cost.

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3 Construction methods

A third source of uncertainty and risk in geotechnical engineering and construction projects is the choice and implementation of construction methods. Construction methods are the techniques and processes used to build and install geotechnical structures and foundations, such as excavation, compaction, grouting, piling, anchoring, lining, and reinforcement. Construction methods can have a significant influence on the performance, quality, durability, and safety of geotechnical structures and foundations, as well as on the cost, schedule, and environmental impact of the project. However, construction methods can also be affected by uncertainties and risks related to the site conditions, the construction materials, the equipment, the personnel, the weather, the regulations, and the unforeseen events. Therefore, construction methods require careful planning, monitoring, control, and verification, as well as the use of contingency plans, mitigation measures, and risk management strategies.

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4 Performance monitoring

A fourth source of uncertainty and risk in geotechnical engineering and construction projects is the assessment and evaluation of performance monitoring. Performance monitoring is the process of collecting and analyzing data about the behavior and performance of geotechnical structures and foundations during and after construction, using various instruments, sensors, and methods, such as inclinometers, piezometers, strain gauges, load cells, settlement plates, and remote sensing. Performance monitoring can provide valuable information and feedback about the actual response and condition of geotechnical structures and foundations, and can help to identify and solve potential problems, defects, or failures. However, performance monitoring can also be affected by uncertainties and risks related to the accuracy, reliability, and durability of the instruments and sensors, the frequency, duration, and quality of the data collection and analysis, the interpretation and communication of the results, and the implementation and effectiveness of the corrective actions.

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5 Environmental impact

A fifth source of uncertainty and risk in geotechnical engineering and construction projects is the estimation and mitigation of environmental impact. Environmental impact is the effect of geotechnical engineering and construction activities on the natural environment, such as the soil, water, air, flora, fauna, and human health. Environmental impact can include physical, chemical, biological, and social aspects, such as erosion, sedimentation, contamination, pollution, noise, vibration, habitat loss, biodiversity loss, and public health risks. Environmental impact can have negative consequences for the sustainability, reputation, and legal compliance of the project, as well as for the welfare and well-being of the stakeholders and the community. However, environmental impact can also be affected by uncertainties and risks related to the assessment methods, the baseline conditions, the impact indicators, the mitigation measures, and the monitoring and evaluation procedures.

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6 Stakeholder involvement

A sixth source of uncertainty and risk in geotechnical engineering and construction projects is the management and engagement of stakeholder involvement. Stakeholder involvement is the participation and involvement of the various parties that have an interest or a stake in the project, such as the owner, the designer, the contractor, the regulator, the financier, the insurer, the operator, the user, and the public. Stakeholder involvement can have a positive influence on the success, quality, and satisfaction of the project, as well as on the trust, cooperation, and communication among the stakeholders. However, stakeholder involvement can also be affected by uncertainties and risks related to the identification, representation, and expectations of the stakeholders, the conflicts, disputes, and complaints among the stakeholders, the decision-making and approval processes, and the feedback and evaluation mechanisms.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the major uncertainties and risks in geotechnical engineering and construction projects?

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1 Site characterization

2 Design methods

3 Construction methods

4 Performance monitoring

5 Environmental impact

6 Stakeholder involvement

7 Here’s what else to consider

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