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What are the main sources of noise pollution in civil aviation?

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Noise pollution is one of the most significant environmental and social challenges faced by civil aviation. It affects the quality of life, health, and well-being of millions of people living near airports and flight paths. In this article, you will learn about the main sources of noise pollution in civil aviation, how they are measured and regulated, and what strategies are being implemented to reduce them.

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Shahzaman Khan CQAP NEBOSH IGC Lead Auditor Trainer

PhD Aviation Safety Scholar | Swissport OCC Agent | Load Controller | Turn around Coordinator | QHSE Ambassador |…
Hassan Khormi

Associate Aeronautical Engineer | MSc | CFD | Ansys Fluent | Aerodynamics | Airframe Design
Tomori Hammed

Aircraft Maintenance Engineer | Career coach at writing.io

1 Engine noise

Engine noise is the dominant source of noise pollution in civil aviation. It is generated by the combustion of fuel, the compression of air, and the exhaust of gases. Engine noise varies depending on the type, size, and design of the engine, as well as the speed, altitude, and thrust of the aircraft. Engine noise can be reduced by improving the efficiency, performance, and aerodynamics of the engine, using noise-reducing materials and technologies, and optimizing the flight operations and procedures.

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Shahzaman Khan CQAP NEBOSH IGC Lead Auditor Trainer

PhD Aviation Safety Scholar | Swissport OCC Agent | Load Controller | Turn around Coordinator | QHSE Ambassador | Trainer | NEBOSH IGC | Certified Quality Assurance Professional | MPhill - Business Administration
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Specifically Noise of APU on ground. Electric GPU are best alternatives. Ground service equipment also contributes alot in aerodrome noise levels.

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Tomori Hammed

Aircraft Maintenance Engineer | Career coach at writing.io
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Airport Operations: Noise from ground operations at airports, such as aircraft taxiing, ground support equipment, and auxiliary power units, can contribute to noise pollution.

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Hassan Khormi

Associate Aeronautical Engineer | MSc | CFD | Ansys Fluent | Aerodynamics | Airframe Design
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As jet hot air exhaust with high speed and collide with the ambient coold air molecules, a broadband noise is generated. Here are what engineers tried to do to reduce engine noise. 1. Hushkit Despite the weight addition of around 400 kg for large airplane, Jet noise was effectively reduced. 2. Turbofan With the emerge of turbofan, jet noise was significantly reduced. With the help of bypass air. Jet air exhaust at slower speed. 3. Chevrons It is a good Idea to mix jet air with the bypass air, and that what chevrons do. Despite the fact that they could reduce engine efficiency 0.5%. 4. GTF?? Because of fan size limitation in turbofan engines due to tip speed, the solution is to add a gear, hence the name geared turbofan GTF.

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Nowrid Islam Atashi

Special Inspector(Operations)- Personnel Licensing at Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh
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Noise pollution in civil aviation primarily stems from aircraft engines, aerodynamics, systems, airframe, and operations, particularly during takeoff and landing. Additionally, supersonic flight can create disruptive sonic booms. Efforts to mitigate noise include quieter engine designs, improved aerodynamics, and operational procedures. Regulations and noise abatement measures aim to limit noise exposure near airports. Advancements in technology and quieter, fuel-efficient aircraft contribute to noise reduction.

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Adikrisna Riedho P.

Senior First Officer B737NG | Airline Transport Pilot License
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In order to reduce noise pollution produced by the aircraft engines especially during takeoff and climbing, we apply the procedures which we call it the Noise Abatement Departure Procedure (NADP), as part of the ICAO PAN - OPS Doc. 8168. There are several NADP procedure depends on the local regulation and the airport, but basically they share the same goal, which is to provide noise reduction for noise-sensitive areas near the departure end of the runway, and/or to areas more distant from the runway end.

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2 Airframe noise

Airframe noise is the noise produced by the interaction of the air with the aircraft body and its components, such as the wings, flaps, landing gear, and fuselage. Airframe noise is more noticeable during takeoff and landing, when the aircraft is flying at low altitudes and speeds, and when the flaps and landing gear are extended. Airframe noise can be reduced by modifying the shape, size, and position of the components, using acoustic liners and fairings, and minimizing the use of flaps and landing gear.

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Hassan Khormi

Associate Aeronautical Engineer | MSc | CFD | Ansys Fluent | Aerodynamics | Airframe Design
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Airframe noise can be dominant at the landing. That refers to low engine throttle during landing which makes the airframe the main noise source. Also the flaps are fully extended in landing phase. Furthermore, due to high wing lift coefficient, tip vortices become at its maximum severity.

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3 Propeller noise

Propeller noise is the noise generated by the rotation of the propeller blades and their interaction with the air. Propeller noise is mainly relevant for turboprop and piston aircraft, which are often used for regional and general aviation. Propeller noise depends on the number, shape, and pitch of the blades, as well as the rotational speed and angle of attack of the propeller. Propeller noise can be reduced by optimizing the propeller design and operation, using composite materials and variable pitch mechanisms, and synchronizing the propellers of multi-engine aircraft.

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4 Sonic boom

Sonic boom is the noise caused by the shock waves that form when an aircraft exceeds the speed of sound. Sonic boom is a major obstacle for the development of supersonic civil aviation, as it can cause significant disturbance and damage to people and structures on the ground. Sonic boom depends on the size, shape, and weight of the aircraft, as well as the speed, altitude, and flight path of the aircraft. Sonic boom can be reduced by designing slender and aerodynamic aircraft, flying at higher altitudes and over water or sparsely populated areas, and using advanced flight control systems.

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5 Ground noise

Ground noise is the noise emitted by the ground operations and activities at airports, such as taxiing, loading, unloading, refueling, maintenance, and testing. Ground noise affects the airport staff, passengers, and nearby residents. Ground noise depends on the type, number, and frequency of the aircraft and vehicles, as well as the layout, infrastructure, and management of the airport. Ground noise can be reduced by using electric or hybrid vehicles, implementing noise abatement measures and policies, and enhancing the coordination and communication among airport stakeholders.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Hassan Khormi

Associate Aeronautical Engineer | MSc | CFD | Ansys Fluent | Aerodynamics | Airframe Design
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There are other sources of noise that is exerting on the cabin. This includes pressurization system, food and beverages serving, flight announcements, crying babies??

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What are the main sources of noise pollution in civil aviation?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Engine noise

2 Airframe noise

3 Propeller noise

4 Sonic boom

5 Ground noise

6 Here’s what else to consider

Aerospace Engineering

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What are the main sources of noise pollution in civil aviation?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Engine noise

2 Airframe noise

3 Propeller noise

4 Sonic boom

5 Ground noise

6 Here’s what else to consider

Aerospace Engineering

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