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What are the main differences and similarities between EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP?

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EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP are two popular communication protocols for industrial ethernet networks. They both use the standard ethernet physical layer and data link layer, but they differ in how they handle the network layer and the application layer. In this article, you will learn about the main differences and similarities between EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP, and how they affect the performance, scalability, and compatibility of your industrial ethernet systems.

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Vincent Bourrelly

EMEA Senior Technology Architect - Mechatronics - at Rockwell Automation

1 EtherCAT overview

EtherCAT stands for Ethernet for Control Automation Technology. It is a master-slave protocol that uses a logical ring topology to transmit data frames in a deterministic and fast way. EtherCAT slaves process the data frames on the fly, without storing or copying them, and insert or extract data as needed. This reduces the latency and jitter of the communication, and allows for high synchronization and accuracy. EtherCAT can support up to 65,535 nodes per network, and can use standard ethernet cables and switches.

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2 Ethernet/IP overview

Ethernet/IP stands for Ethernet Industrial Protocol. It is a peer-to-peer protocol that uses a producer-consumer model to exchange data between devices. Ethernet/IP devices use the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) to define the data structure, the messaging, and the services of the communication. Ethernet/IP can use different network topologies, such as star, line, or ring, and can support up to 512 nodes per network. Ethernet/IP can also use standard ethernet cables and switches, but may require additional hardware or software for real-time communication.

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3 Performance comparison

One of the main differences between EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP is the performance of the communication. EtherCAT has a higher bandwidth, lower latency, and lower jitter than Ethernet/IP, which makes it more suitable for fast and precise motion control applications. EtherCAT can achieve cycle times of less than 100 microseconds, and synchronize devices with less than 1 microsecond of deviation. Ethernet/IP, on the other hand, has a lower bandwidth, higher latency, and higher jitter than EtherCAT, which makes it more suitable for less time-critical applications, such as data acquisition, monitoring, or diagnostics. Ethernet/IP can achieve cycle times of up to 10 milliseconds, and synchronize devices with up to 10 microseconds of deviation.

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Vincent Bourrelly

EMEA Senior Technology Architect - Mechatronics - at Rockwell Automation
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This is not correct. Review your inputs concerning EthernetIP for motion applications. Look at CIP motion ODVA . You will found more realistic information

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4 Scalability comparison

Another difference between EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP is the scalability of the network. EtherCAT has a higher scalability than Ethernet/IP, as it can support more nodes per network, and can handle different types of devices, such as analog, digital, or servo drives, without requiring additional gateways or adapters. EtherCAT also has a simpler network configuration, as it does not need IP addresses or routing tables, and can automatically detect and assign the devices in the network. Ethernet/IP has a lower scalability than EtherCAT, as it can support fewer nodes per network, and may require additional gateways or adapters to connect different types of devices, such as CIP motion or CIP safety devices. Ethernet/IP also has a more complex network configuration, as it needs IP addresses and routing tables, and may require manual setup and mapping of the devices in the network.

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Vincent Bourrelly

EMEA Senior Technology Architect - Mechatronics - at Rockwell Automation
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Again This is not correct. Review your inputs concerning EthernetIP protocols with ODVA. Look at CIP protocols. You will found more realistic information

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5 Compatibility comparison

A similarity between EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP is the compatibility with the standard ethernet infrastructure. Both protocols can use the same physical layer and data link layer of the ethernet protocol stack, which means they can use the same cables, connectors, and switches as the regular ethernet networks. This reduces the cost and complexity of the installation and maintenance of the industrial ethernet systems. However, a difference between EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP is the compatibility with the higher layers of the ethernet protocol stack, such as TCP/IP or UDP/IP. EtherCAT does not use these protocols, as it bypasses them to achieve faster and more deterministic communication. Ethernet/IP does use these protocols, as it relies on them to exchange data between devices. This means that EtherCAT is not compatible with other ethernet-based protocols or devices, such as Modbus TCP or OPC UA, while Ethernet/IP is compatible with them. This also means that EtherCAT may require more specialized software or hardware to integrate with other systems or networks, while Ethernet/IP may require less.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the main differences and similarities between EtherCAT and Ethernet/IP?

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1 EtherCAT overview

2 Ethernet/IP overview

3 Performance comparison

4 Scalability comparison

5 Compatibility comparison

6 Here’s what else to consider

Communication Protocols

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