Last updated on 2024年7月25日

What are the key differences between push and pull production scheduling methods?

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Production scheduling is the process of planning and coordinating the resources, materials, and activities involved in manufacturing products or delivering services. It aims to optimize the efficiency, quality, and profitability of the production system. There are two main types of production scheduling methods: push and pull. In this article, you will learn what are the key differences between them and how they affect your production performance.

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Delia Esther Aguilar Pasillas

Gerente de Cadena de Suministro Automotriz T1 | Gerente de Logística | Control de Inventarios | Planeación | Manejo de…
Michael R. Willett

Continuous Improvement Manager at Kryton Engineered Metals
Sunny Mak

?????? Smart Production Planning for Europe and the World.

1 Push production scheduling

Push production scheduling is based on forecasting the demand for the products or services and then producing them in advance. The production plan is determined by the expected sales, inventory levels, and production capacity. The products or services are then pushed to the customers or the next stage of the production process. Push production scheduling is suitable for stable and predictable markets, where the demand is consistent and the lead times are long. It can also reduce the risk of stockouts and ensure a smooth flow of production. However, push production scheduling can also lead to overproduction, high inventory costs, and low responsiveness to changing customer needs.

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Michael R. Willett

Continuous Improvement Manager at Kryton Engineered Metals
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Forecasting to me sounds like forecasting potential sales out into the future, which is true. But I might expand this section to include the back scheduling of most ERP systems where the start date of the job is "forecasted" back through the system from the due date based on operations capacity and WIP already in the system. It is truly forecasting because it can not take into effect all the variables that can and do impact the system.

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Sunny Mak

?????? Smart Production Planning for Europe and the World.
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The concepts of Push vs Pull Production Scheduling is in my opinion very confusing, niche and outdated. The more common way to define such differences are Make-to-Order and Make-to-Stock, or Discrete Manufacturing and Process Manufacturing. As one comment down below suggests, calling this Pull and Push Scheduling could be mixed up with "Direction of Scheduling", which are about either scheduling forward from the start date and scheduling backward from the due date. I suggest this article to be changed or clarified.

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Cassio Teixeira de Oliveira

PCPM | S&OP | Planejamento de Produ??o | Planejamento de Materiais | SCM | Gest?o de Processos | Logística | Análise de Dados | Power BI | SAP | Oracle |
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I had the opportunity to work in two multinationals with push production. As a method for demand analysis and inventory planning, we used PSI (Production, Sales and Inventory), a very intuitive Excel control to simulate different stock scenarios, shortages, demand, production plan, delivery date. One of the main advantages with this type of production scheduling is the horizon that the Sales Team makes available and you can make your schedule calmly and store in stocks and the biggest disadvantage is when the Sales Plan does not go as planned and the stock starts to get stuck. full, with no movement, immediately afterwards demand is cut and the production programmer must review all his planning.

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Delia Esther Aguilar Pasillas

Gerente de Cadena de Suministro Automotriz T1 | Gerente de Logística | Control de Inventarios | Planeación | Manejo de Almacenes | S&OP | SAP SD, MM, WMS | Auditorias TS16949 | Auditorías VDA | Comercio Exterior
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Si bien la estrategia "push" ofrece muchos beneficios, también es esencial administrar los riesgos, como la sobreproducción y el desajuste entre la oferta y la demanda real. La clave radica en la precisión del pronóstico y la flexibilidad del sistema de producción. En resumen, la estrategia de producción "push" puede ser una herramienta poderosa para la industria si se implementa con una planificación y administración adecuada. Aprovechar las tecnologías de análisis de datos y los sistemas de gestión modernos puede ayudar a maximizar sus beneficios y minimizar los riesgos.

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2 Pull production scheduling

Pull production scheduling is based on responding to the actual demand for the products or services and then producing them as needed. The production plan is determined by the customer orders, feedback, and signals from the production system. The products or services are then pulled by the customers or the next stage of the production process. Pull production scheduling is suitable for dynamic and uncertain markets, where the demand is variable and the lead times are short. It can also reduce the waste, inventory, and costs of production and increase the flexibility and customer satisfaction. However, pull production scheduling can also lead to underproduction, capacity constraints, and high dependence on suppliers and customers.

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Cassio Teixeira de Oliveira

PCPM | S&OP | Planejamento de Produ??o | Planejamento de Materiais | SCM | Gest?o de Processos | Logística | Análise de Dados | Power BI | SAP | Oracle |
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I had an experience with pull production programming in which my main client was a motorcycle manufacturer. As a planner, I could only do the scheduling when I received their sales orders along with the Kanban schedule. The main disadvantage of this type of programming is demand that varies constantly, we can be caught unprepared in terms of production and storage capacity.

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Delia Esther Aguilar Pasillas

Gerente de Cadena de Suministro Automotriz T1 | Gerente de Logística | Control de Inventarios | Planeación | Manejo de Almacenes | S&OP | SAP SD, MM, WMS | Auditorias TS16949 | Auditorías VDA | Comercio Exterior
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Aunque la estrategia "pull" ofrece numerosos beneficios, su éxito depende de la capacidad de la organización para responder rápidamente a las demandas del cliente y mantener una comunicación fluida con los proveedores. La implementación de tecnologías de seguimiento y la adopción de una cultura de mejora continua son esenciales para maximizar los beneficios de esta estrategia. En resumen, la estrategia de producción "pull" puede ser una herramienta poderosa para la industria automotriz si se implementa con una planificación y administración adecuada. Aprovechar las tecnologías de seguimiento y los sistemas de gestión modernos puede ayudar a maximizar sus beneficios y minimizar los riesgos.

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3 Hybrid production scheduling

Hybrid production scheduling is a combination of push and pull production scheduling methods. It aims to balance the advantages and disadvantages of both methods and adapt to different situations and requirements. Hybrid production scheduling can involve using push methods for the upstream or initial stages of the production process and pull methods for the downstream or final stages of the production process. It can also involve using push methods for the base or regular demand and pull methods for the peak or fluctuating demand. Hybrid production scheduling can improve the overall performance of the production system by aligning it with the market conditions and customer expectations.

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Delia Esther Aguilar Pasillas

Gerente de Cadena de Suministro Automotriz T1 | Gerente de Logística | Control de Inventarios | Planeación | Manejo de Almacenes | S&OP | SAP SD, MM, WMS | Auditorias TS16949 | Auditorías VDA | Comercio Exterior
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Implementar una estrategia híbrida requiere una planificación cuidadosa y el uso de tecnologías avanzadas para monitorear y ajustar la producción en tiempo real. La colaboración estrecha con proveedores y una sólida infraestructura de TI son cruciales para el éxito de esta estrategia. En resumen, la programación de producción híbrida es una solución eficaz para administrar la cadena de suministro en la industria automotriz. Al combinar las fortalezas de los enfoques "push" y "pull", se pueden optimizar los inventarios y mejorar la respuesta a la demanda, logrando una mayor eficiencia y satisfacción del cliente.

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4 Factors to consider

When selecting the appropriate production scheduling method for your business, you should consider several factors, such as the complexity of your products or services, the demand patterns and customer preferences of your market, the availability and reliability of your resources and suppliers, the capacity and flexibility of your production facilities and equipment, and the goals and objectives of your production strategy and operations. It is important to evaluate these factors and compare the benefits and drawbacks of each production scheduling method to determine which one best suits your situation.

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5 Examples of production scheduling methods

To illustrate the differences between push and pull production scheduling methods, here are some examples of how they are applied in different industries and sectors. Push production scheduling is typically utilized in mass production, such as automotive, electronics, and consumer goods manufacturing, as well as service industries with predictable demand and long lead times, such as education, health care, and hospitality. Pull production scheduling is usually implemented in lean production, like aerospace, defense, and custom manufacturing, plus service industries with variable demand and short lead times, such as e-commerce, logistics, and entertainment. Hybrid production scheduling is frequently employed in mixed production, like food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and fashion manufacturing. It is also used in service industries that have both regular and fluctuating demand, such as banking, telecommunications, and utilities.

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Delia Esther Aguilar Pasillas

Gerente de Cadena de Suministro Automotriz T1 | Gerente de Logística | Control de Inventarios | Planeación | Manejo de Almacenes | S&OP | SAP SD, MM, WMS | Auditorias TS16949 | Auditorías VDA | Comercio Exterior
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Push: Implica producir basándose en pronósticos de demanda. Los productos se "empujan" a través de la cadena de suministro hacia el inventario. Pull: se basa en la demanda real del cliente. La producción comienza cuando se recibe un pedido, "tirando" los productos a través de la cadena de suministro. Hibrida: Combina elementos de "push" y "pull" para aprovechar sus beneficios y mitigar sus desventajas. JIT: Producción y entrega de mtls justo cuando se necesitan, reduciendo inventarios al mínimo. JIS: Similar al JIT, pero los componentes llegan en el orden exacto en que se necesitan para producción. Kanban: Sistema visual de ctrl de inventarios y producción basado en tarjetas Kanban que indican cuándo producir o reabastecer productos.

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6 Benefits of production scheduling

Having a well-designed and implemented production schedule can bring many benefits to your business, such as improved productivity, efficiency, and quality of your production process; reduced waste, inventory, and costs; and increased customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention. Moreover, it can also enhance the competitiveness, profitability, and growth of your business. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the key distinctions between push and pull production scheduling methods and their potential impact on your production performance.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the key differences between push and pull production scheduling methods?

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1 Push production scheduling

2 Pull production scheduling

3 Hybrid production scheduling

4 Factors to consider

5 Examples of production scheduling methods

6 Benefits of production scheduling

7 Here’s what else to consider

Production Schedules

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