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What are the key differences between the circular model and the spiral model of communication?

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Communication is a complex and dynamic process that involves the exchange of messages, meanings, and feedback between two or more people. There are different models of communication that try to explain how this process works and what factors influence it. In this article, you will learn about two of these models: the circular model and the spiral model of communication. You will also discover the key differences between them and how they can help you improve your interpersonal communication skills.

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1 Circular Model

The circular model of communication was developed by Paul Watzlawick, Janet Beavin, and Don Jackson in the 1960s. It is based on the idea that communication is a continuous and recursive process that involves multiple levels of meaning and feedback. According to this model, communication is not a linear or one-way transmission of information, but a circular and interactive exchange of messages that can be verbal or non-verbal, explicit or implicit, and digital or analog. The circular model also suggests that communication is influenced by the context, the relationship, and the history of the communicators, as well as by their perceptions, expectations, and emotions.

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Francisco Coronel Uriona

11K | Consultor Legal de Proyectos de Infraestructura | Experto NEC | Capacitador y Conferencista | Docente de la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola | Maestría en Regulación Económica
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El modelo de comunicación circular es real. Sin embargo, considero que su existencia depende de la intención del emisor del mensaje. Los procesos de comunicación circulares suelen estar presentes en procesos de aprendizaje básicos en los que la repetición es importante para la memoria. Sin duda en este modo de comunicación influye el contexto, los aspectos no verbales, los medios digitales o analógicos, y otros factores.

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Niki Marie H.

Entrepreneur - Writer: CER/Medical/Science/Grants/Creative - Veterinary Orthotics and Prosthetics Consultant
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Communication is more complex than two people talking or exchanging information. Communication doesn't simply take place between just people, but instead between any organisms. For example, a dog communicating to its person that they need to go outside to potty or that they are hungry. Some examples of non-human communication are the songs or mating dances of birds. Communication also occurs at the cellular level through intercellular and intracellular signaling. So, communication doesn't just exist at an organism level either. In fact, communication can be seen even at the molecular level through events such as the transcribing of DNA and the folding of protiens.

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Tom Tomasovic

Freelance Instructor/Trainer | Business Analysis, Data Analytics | "I enjoy helping BAs do their job better!"
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Communication is a key skill in the business analysis domain. In the training that I deliver, I emphasize the idea that communication is not simply the delivery of information but, rather, the consumption and understanding of that information. It is our responsibility, as the geneerators or compilers of that information, to ensure that our consumers (our business and technical stakeholders) not only receive that information, but that they can use that information to facilitate the decisions needed for a successful business outcome.

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2 Spiral Model

The spiral model of communication was proposed by Frank Dance in 1967. It is based on the idea that communication is a dynamic and evolving process that changes over time and across situations. According to this model, communication is not a fixed or static phenomenon, but a spiral and adaptive process that involves learning, feedback, and adjustment. The spiral model also implies that communication is influenced by the environment, the culture, and the social norms of the communicators, as well as by their goals, motivations, and attitudes.

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Kyle M.

Early stage startup founder | Successful business portfolio | Undergraduate student of communication studies at UMGC Stateside
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Yup! Situations and people are always in flux. Communication is dynamic, and we're in a world where nothing stays the same, so we are constantly adapting and pivoting to changes around us. Also, communication is not linear, but rather it is a continuous process.

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Francisco Coronel Uriona

11K | Consultor Legal de Proyectos de Infraestructura | Experto NEC | Capacitador y Conferencista | Docente de la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola | Maestría en Regulación Económica
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El modelo de comunicación espiral también es real. En este modo parece recoger los elementos no-medibles o no-previsibles del fenómeno de la comunicación. Por ejemplo, la comunicación grupal o social, cuando se produce de modo desestructurado, se muestra más como un fenómeno espiral. Inclusive, el mensaje se va transformando -adquiere y pierde elemento- durante ese tránsito. Este tipo de comunicación parece más el que corresponde a los modelos de aprendizaje no estructurados o los que se producen en las redes sociales.

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3 Key Differences

The circular model and the spiral model of communication share some similarities, such as recognizing the importance of feedback, context, and non-verbal cues in communication. However, they also have some distinct differences that reflect their unique perspectives and assumptions. The circular model views communication as a circular and recursive process, while the spiral model views communication as a spiral and evolving process. Additionally, the circular model focuses on the levels of meaning and the relationship between communicators, while the spiral model focuses on the changes and adaptation of communicators. Moreover, the circular model emphasizes the role of perception and emotion in communication, while the spiral model emphasizes learning and motivation. Furthermore, the circular model considers communication as a constant and ongoing process, whereas the spiral model considers it as a variable and situational process. Finally, the circular model applies mainly to interpersonal and small group communication, whereas the spiral model applies to various types of communication, such as intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and mass communication.

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Francisco Coronel Uriona

11K | Consultor Legal de Proyectos de Infraestructura | Experto NEC | Capacitador y Conferencista | Docente de la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola | Maestría en Regulación Económica
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Yo propondría dos elementos distintivos fundamentales: 1. La intención del emisor. Si la intención del emisor es iterar el proceso de comunicación con un mismo tipo de mensaje, este torno a un modo de comunicación circular. Aún cuando más allá de este ámbito de repetición, el mensaje adquiera su propia identidad y entre en un proceso espiral. 2. La estructura en torno al proceso de comunicación. La comunicación se hace más circular o espiral dependiendo de si hay o no una estructura predeterminada para el proceso de comunicación. Mientras menos estructura, el proceso de comunicación es más libre y tiende a ser más espiral, sin dejar de ser circular en el sentido más reducido.

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4 Benefits of Circular Model

The circular model of communication can help you improve your interpersonal communication skills by encouraging you to pay attention to the multiple levels of meaning and feedback in your communication and to understand how your context, relationship, and history with the other person affect your communication. It also reminds you to consider how your perception, expectation, and emotion influence your communication and to express your feelings and needs clearly and respectfully. Moreover, this model enhances your awareness of the verbal and non-verbal cues in your communication so that you can use them effectively and appropriately.

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5 Benefits of Spiral Model

The spiral model of communication can help you to improve your interpersonal communication skills by inspiring you to view it as a dynamic and evolving process. It can also help you to understand how your communication is affected by your environment, culture, and social norms, as well as motivate you to consider how it is influenced by your goals, motivations, and attitudes. Additionally, the spiral model can enhance your awareness of the different types of communication and the different situations that require different strategies and skills.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Francisco Coronel Uriona

11K | Consultor Legal de Proyectos de Infraestructura | Experto NEC | Capacitador y Conferencista | Docente de la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola | Maestría en Regulación Económica
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Para la comunicación circular propongo dos ejemplos: 1. Los procesos de aprendizaje infantil por repetición. 2. Los procesos de difusión de mensajes estables o repetitivos (publicidad de marcas o políticas públicas). Para la comunicación espiral propongo otros dos ejemplos: 1. Los procesos de aprendizaje por experimentación grupal, que creo que podrían incluir a los modos en los que las IAs basadas en lenguaje aprenden. 2. Los procesos de comunicación poco estructurados y aleatorios, como los que se producen en las redes sociales.

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Interpersonal Communication

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What are the key differences between the circular model and the spiral model of communication?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Circular Model

2 Spiral Model

3 Key Differences

4 Benefits of Circular Model

5 Benefits of Spiral Model

6 Here’s what else to consider

Interpersonal Communication

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What are the key differences between the circular model and the spiral model of communication?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Circular Model

2 Spiral Model

3 Key Differences

4 Benefits of Circular Model

5 Benefits of Spiral Model

6 Here’s what else to consider

Interpersonal Communication

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