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What GraphQL API testing strategies work best in a CI/CD pipeline?

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GraphQL is a query language and a runtime for building and consuming APIs that offer more flexibility and efficiency than traditional RESTful APIs. However, GraphQL also introduces some challenges and complexities for testing, especially in a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline. In this article, you will learn about some of the best practices and tools for testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD environment.

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Bill Nguyen

VP | Engineering Mgr | Technical Lead | TPM | Code Quality & System Performance

1 Why test GraphQL APIs?

Testing GraphQL APIs is important for ensuring the quality, reliability, and security of your web applications. GraphQL APIs expose a schema that defines the types, queries, mutations, and subscriptions that your clients can use to interact with your data. Testing your schema can help you verify that it matches your business logic, data models, and client expectations. Testing your queries and mutations can help you check that they return the correct data, handle errors, and perform the expected operations. Testing your subscriptions can help you monitor that they send real-time updates to your clients as the data changes.

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Bill Nguyen

VP | Engineering Mgr | Technical Lead | TPM | Code Quality & System Performance
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Why test? - Validate the schema: Ensure that API's structure works seamlessly with all queries and mutations. - Verify the transaction behaviour and operational efficiecncy - Ensure the API reliability - verify that schemas, queries, and mutations perform as expected - Load testing to ensure the expected high volume can be handled.

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André Luis da Silva A.

Coordena??o de Projetos | Engenharia de Software| Gest?o de Pessoas | Administra??o Pública| Previdência Complementar | Sustenta??o de Sistemas | Gest?o de Produtos Digitais | Scrum Master | Lean Six Sigma | OKR
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Estratégias para Teste de API do GraphQL no Pipeline de CI/CD: Uma vis?o geral Nos últimos anos, o GraphQL se tornou uma linguagem de consulta poderosa para APIs, oferecendo flexibilidade e eficiência para desenvolvedores criarem aplica??es escaláveis e dinamicas. Com a crescente utiliza??o do Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) para automatizar o processo de desenvolvimento de software, surge a necessidade de estratégias eficazes de teste de API do GraphQL para assegurar a qualidade do código implantado.

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Wajeeha Lodhi

Senior Full Stack developer
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In a CI/CD pipeline, effective GraphQL API testing strategies ensure the reliability and performance of services. Prioritize testing schema changes to maintain consistency and compatibility with client applications. Validate query and mutation responses to guarantee accurate data retrieval and manipulation. Incorporate stress testing to assess scalability and performance under varying loads. Automated regression testing aids in identifying and addressing issues promptly. Additionally, consider contract testing to verify interactions between clients and servers. Testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline ensures continuous delivery of high-quality services, enhancing reliability and user satisfaction.

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2 What to test in GraphQL APIs?

When it comes to testing GraphQL APIs, there are various levels and types to consider, depending on your goals and needs. Schema validation, for example, is a way of ensuring that your schema is valid, consistent, and follows the GraphQL specification. Tools like graphql-schema-linter or graphql-inspector can be used for this purpose. Unit testing involves testing the individual functions or resolvers that implement your schema logic. jest or mocha can be used to write unit tests in JavaScript or TypeScript, while libraries like graphql-tools or easygraphql-tester can be used to mock your schema and data. Integration testing tests the interactions between your GraphQL server and your data sources, such as databases, APIs, or services. supertest or axios can be used for sending HTTP requests to your GraphQL endpoint, while chai or expect can be used for asserting the responses. Lastly, end-to-end testing involves testing the whole functionality and user experience of your web application, including the front-end and the back-end. Tools like cypress or puppeteer can be used to simulate user actions and interactions with your web application, while libraries like apollo-client or urql can be used to communicate with your GraphQL server.

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André Luis da Silva A.

Coordena??o de Projetos | Engenharia de Software| Gest?o de Pessoas | Administra??o Pública| Previdência Complementar | Sustenta??o de Sistemas | Gest?o de Produtos Digitais | Scrum Master | Lean Six Sigma | OKR
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Cito abaixo algumas técnicas e como elas se encaixam perfeitamente em um pipeline de CI/CD: 1- Testes de Unidade: Para APIs do GraphQL, isso inclui testar os resolvers, schemas e outras fun??es específicas que executam as consultas e muta??es. Bibliotecas de testes, como Jest, Mocha ou Jasmine, podem ser usadas para escrever e automatizar esses testes, verificando se cada parte da API atende corretamente às solicita??es. 2 - Testes de Integra??o: Em uma API do GraphQL, é possível empregar os testes de integra??o para validar consultas complexas que envolvem múltiplos tipos e solu??es.

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Wajeeha Lodhi

Senior Full Stack developer
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In a CI/CD pipeline, effective GraphQL API testing strategies focus on testing key aspects such as query execution, schema validation, and error handling. Prioritize testing query responses to ensure correct data retrieval and formatting. Verify schema changes to maintain compatibility and prevent breaking changes. Test error responses and edge cases to validate robustness and reliability. Implement automated tests for both positive and negative scenarios, including performance testing for scalability assessment. By covering these areas comprehensively, teams can ensure the stability and quality of GraphQL APIs within the CI/CD pipeline.

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3 How to test GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

A CI/CD pipeline is a process that automates the building, testing, and deploying of your web application whenever you make changes to your code. Testing your GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline can help you catch bugs, errors, and regressions early and often, and ensure that your web application meets your quality standards and user expectations. To do this, it is best to use a test runner and framework that supports parallelization and reporting (e.g. jest or mocha) in addition to a code coverage tool (e.g. nyc or istanbul) to measure code execution by tests. Furthermore, mutation testing tools (e.g. stryker or mutode) can be used to evaluate the quality of tests while contract testing tools (e.g. graphql-snapshot or prism) verify schema and data match expectations of clients and consumers. Finally, performance testing tools (e.g. artillery or k6) measure how GraphQL server handles different loads and scenarios to optimize performance and scalability.

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André Luis da Silva A.

Coordena??o de Projetos | Engenharia de Software| Gest?o de Pessoas | Administra??o Pública| Previdência Complementar | Sustenta??o de Sistemas | Gest?o de Produtos Digitais | Scrum Master | Lean Six Sigma | OKR
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Continuando.... 3. Testes de Contrato: Os testes de contrato têm como objetivo assegurar que a API esteja de acordo com as defini??es de contrato, que geralmente est?o descritas em um arquivo de esquema GraphQL. Em ambientes descentrados, é particularmente benéfico criar partes independentes da API. Ferramentas como Apollo Federation ou GraphQL Inspector podem ser usadas para automatizar testes de contrato, verificando se as mudan?as na API n?o violam os contratos existentes. 4. Realizar Testes de Aptid?o: é possível realizar testes de desempenho para avaliar a latência, a taxa de transferência e outros indicadores de desempenho da API.

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Wajeeha Lodhi

Senior Full Stack developer
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To effectively test GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline, employ automated testing strategies tailored for GraphQL. Utilize schema validation to ensure consistency and integrity of the API. Implement unit tests to verify individual resolvers and mutations, covering various edge cases. Conduct integration tests to validate interactions between different parts of the API and external dependencies. Incorporate performance testing to assess the scalability and responsiveness of the API under varying loads. Integrate these tests into the CI/CD pipeline to enable continuous validation of changes, ensuring the reliability and stability of the GraphQL API throughout the development lifecycle.

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4 What are the benefits of testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

Testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline can bring many benefits, such as improving the quality and reliability of your web application, enhancing the security and compliance, increasing the productivity and collaboration of your development team, and boosting the confidence and satisfaction of your users and customers. By detecting and fixing bugs, errors, and regressions before they reach your users, preventing and mitigating vulnerabilities, attacks, and breaches that could compromise your data, automating and streamlining the testing process to reduce manual work and human errors, as well as delivering a web application that meets their needs and expectations with a great user experience - you can reap these benefits.

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André Luis da Silva A.

Coordena??o de Projetos | Engenharia de Software| Gest?o de Pessoas | Administra??o Pública| Previdência Complementar | Sustenta??o de Sistemas | Gest?o de Produtos Digitais | Scrum Master | Lean Six Sigma | OKR
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Continuando... 4- Ferramentas como Artillery ou Locust podem ser usadas para automatizar esses testes, permitindo simular grandes quantidades de solicita??es e identificar possíveis problemas de desempenho. Adicionar essas táticas de teste de API do GraphQL a um pipeline de CI/CD é viável. Os testes podem ser realizados de forma automatizada em todas as fases do processo de desenvolvimento, desde a integra??o até a implementa??o, fornecendo uma resposta precisa sobre a qualidade do código. Além disso, a integra??o constante de testes ajuda a identificar e corrigir problemas de forma preventiva, evitando regress?es e garantindo a estabilidade da API em produ??o.

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Wajeeha Lodhi

Senior Full Stack developer
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Testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline offers benefits like consistent functionality, early bug detection, and faster feedback. Best strategies involve automating tests for queries, mutations, and subscriptions, using tools like Jest or Postman. Integration tests verify interactions with data sources, while load tests ensure scalability. Integration into CI/CD pipelines streamlines workflows, enhances code quality, and delivers resilient applications.

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5 What are the challenges of testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

Testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline can also present some challenges, such as managing complexity and diversity of the GraphQL schema, queries, mutations, and subscriptions. It can be difficult to balance the speed, coverage, and depth of the testing process while also choosing the right tools and techniques for testing goals. Additionally, you must consider the dependencies and integrations of your GraphQL server with data sources, APIs, services, and front-end. Last but not least, changes and updates to your GraphQL schema, code, data, and web application must be properly tested and deployed.

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André Luis da Silva A.

Coordena??o de Projetos | Engenharia de Software| Gest?o de Pessoas | Administra??o Pública| Previdência Complementar | Sustenta??o de Sistemas | Gest?o de Produtos Digitais | Scrum Master | Lean Six Sigma | OKR
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Finalizando .... De maneira sucinta, as táticas de teste de API do GraphQL têm um papel crucial no êxito de um projeto de CI/CD, assegurando a confiabilidade, a performance e a adequa??o da API em ambientes de desenvolvimento ágil. Ao empregar uma abordagem ampla que englobe testes de unidade, integra??o, contrato e desempenho, as equipes de desenvolvimento podem criar e implementar APIs do GraphQL com seguran?a, gerando valor para os usuários finais de maneira consistente e efetiva.

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Wajeeha Lodhi

Senior Full Stack developer
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Effective GraphQL API testing in a CI/CD pipeline involves automating schema validation, query execution, and mutation response tests using tools like Jest or Postman. Challenges include maintaining data integrity, handling complex queries, and coordinating API server deployments with test executions. Mitigate these challenges with robust test fixtures, versioning strategies, and automated deployment pipelines to ensure reliable testing within CI/CD workflows.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

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What GraphQL API testing strategies work best in a CI/CD pipeline?

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3

4

5

6

1 Why test GraphQL APIs?

2 What to test in GraphQL APIs?

3 How to test GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

4 What are the benefits of testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

5 What are the challenges of testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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What GraphQL API testing strategies work best in a CI/CD pipeline?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Why test GraphQL APIs?

2 What to test in GraphQL APIs?

3 How to test GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

4 What are the benefits of testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

5 What are the challenges of testing GraphQL APIs in a CI/CD pipeline?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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