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What are the essential Linux networking commands every sysadmin should know?

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As a system administrator, mastering Linux networking commands is crucial for managing and troubleshooting your network. These commands allow you to configure network interfaces, diagnose connectivity issues, and ensure your systems communicate effectively within your network infrastructure. Whether you're a seasoned professional or just starting out, having a go-to list of essential commands can save you time and make your job easier. In this article, you'll learn about the key Linux networking commands that should be part of your sysadmin toolkit.

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Gibril Jammeh

I.T Supervisor at NAWEC
ANIL KUMAR AKASH

System administrator
Akhil Tyagi

Unit Head - IT at Fortis Healthcare

1 Ping Command

The ping command is your first line of defense when diagnosing network connectivity issues. It sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo requests to a specified hostname or IP address, allowing you to verify whether that host is reachable across an IP network. If you receive a response, you know there's a viable network path. The command not only checks connectivity but also provides round-trip time statistics, which can be useful for gauging network latency.

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ANIL KUMAR AKASH

System administrator
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ifconfig>Display and manipulate route and network interfaces. ip>It is a replacement of ifconfig command. traceroute>Network troubleshooting utility. tracepath>Similar to traceroute but doesn't require root privileges. ping>To check connectivity between two nodes. netstat>Display connection information. dig> Query DNS related information. nslookup> Find DNS related query. route> Shows and manipulate IP routing table. host Performs DNS lookups. arp> View or add contents of the kernel's ARP table. iwconfig> Used to configure wireless network interface. hostname> To identify a network name. curl or wget> To download a file from internet. mtr>Combines ping and tracepath into a single command. whois>Will tell you about the website's whois.

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Mike Niner

Programmer | Unix Philosophy Advocate
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In my vision, the essential knowledge for a sysadmin revolves around understanding commands like ifconfig for tweaking network settings, ping for checking connectivity, and traceroute for mapping out the journey of data packets. However, a well-rounded administrator should also be adept at using powerful tools like sed, grep, and awk. These tools allow for advanced text processing and manipulation, which can be incredibly useful for analyzing network logs, extracting specific information, and automating tasks. So, while knowing the basics of networking commands is crucial, familiarity with tools like sed, grep, and awk can take your troubleshooting and management skills to the next level.

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Vasil Petrov

Senior System Administrator for "HPE NonStop Servers"
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Essential Linux networking commands: ifconfig/ip: Manage network interfaces. ping: Test remote host connectivity. traceroute: Trace packet route. netstat/ss: Display network stats. route: Manage IP routing. nslookup/dig: Query DNS servers. arp: View/manipulate ARP cache. iwconfig/iw: Configure wireless interfaces. iptables/firewall-cmd: Control firewall. tcpdump: Analyze network packets. ssh/scp/rsync: Secure file transfer. hostname: View/set system hostname. ifup/ifdown: Manage interfaces. nmcli: Manage network connections. ipcalc: Calculate subnet info. nmap: Scan for open ports. iptraf/ngrep: Monitor network traffic. curl/wget: Retrieve files remotely.

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Gibril Jammeh

I.T Supervisor at NAWEC
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Ping is an excellent first step by sending an echo request packets to identify whether or not a destination is alive by receiving echo reply packets but note that some networks/servers blocks ICMP by default therefore a failure to respond doesn't mean is completely down.

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2 Netstat Tool

netstat is a versatile tool that provides a wealth of information about your network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. As a sysadmin, you'll find netstat invaluable for monitoring network services and connections. It can help you quickly identify which services are listening on which ports and spot any unauthorized connections that could indicate a security breach.

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Gibril Jammeh

I.T Supervisor at NAWEC
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Netstat command is a Networking command tool for troubleshooting and monitoring for both incoming and outgoing connections, routine tables and listening to ports over the network; (e.g. nestast -a will display all listening ports, netstat -at will list only TCP port connection and netstat -au will list only UDP port connection and netstat -s, -su and -st is more informative.

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3 IP Command

Replacing the older ifconfig , the ip command is a powerful utility for network interface and routing management. It's part of the iproute2 package and allows you to configure network interfaces, set IP addresses, and manage routing tables. With ip , you can bring interfaces up or down, show interface statistics, and even manipulate network namespaces for advanced network segmentation.

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Akhil Tyagi

Unit Head - IT at Fortis Healthcare
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The ip command is one of the basic commands every administrator will need in daily work, from setting up new systems and assigning ips to troubleshooting existing systems. THE IP COMMAND CAN SHOW ADDRESS INFORMATION , MANIPULAREROUTING , PLUS DIAPLAY NETWORK VARIOUS DEVICES, INTERFACES AND TUNNELS

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4 Nslookup & Dig

To query Domain Name System (DNS) servers and troubleshoot DNS-related issues, nslookup and dig are essential. While nslookup is more user-friendly and widely used for quick lookups, dig provides more detailed information and is preferred for scripting due to its consistent output format. Both commands allow you to verify that domain names are resolving correctly to their corresponding IP addresses.

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Gibril Jammeh

I.T Supervisor at NAWEC
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Nslookup is use for querying Domain Name System(DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or any other DNS specific record. Dig tool is a replacement of the nslookup, used for verifying and troubleshooting DNS problems.

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5 Traceroute Tool

traceroute is a vital command for tracing the path that packets take from your server to a destination host. It helps identify where delays or losses occur in the network, which can be instrumental in pinpointing problematic routers or links. By understanding the path your data takes and where bottlenecks may lie, you can more effectively troubleshoot and optimize network performance.

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Gibril Jammeh

I.T Supervisor at NAWEC
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Is a networking diagnostic tool to trace the route of a packet path from source to destination over an IP network including the number the of hops (routers).

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6 Tcpdump Utility

tcpdump is a powerful command-line packet analyzer. It allows you to capture and inspect network packets passing through your system's network interfaces. This utility is particularly useful for monitoring network traffic, analyzing network problems, and detecting intrusions. While it has a steep learning curve due to its complex syntax and output, mastering tcpdump can give you deep insights into your network's inner workings.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Pouria Daneshpour

IT System Network Administrator
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Linux Networking Basics: Ping: Check connections. Ifconfig: View interfaces. Netstat: See connections. Route: Check routes. Quick commands for network management.

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Fustina Chi O.

IT Manager/Jnr DevOps @Nrail GmbH
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nmap: Network exploration tool and security scanner. iptables: Utility for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT. ss -tuln : to investigate socket

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What are the essential Linux networking commands every sysadmin should know?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Ping Command

2 Netstat Tool

3 IP Command

4 Nslookup & Dig

5 Traceroute Tool

6 Tcpdump Utility

7 Here’s what else to consider

System Administration

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What are the essential Linux networking commands every sysadmin should know?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Ping Command

2 Netstat Tool

3 IP Command

4 Nslookup & Dig

5 Traceroute Tool

6 Tcpdump Utility

7 Here’s what else to consider

System Administration

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