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What is declarative programming and how can you test its code?

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Declarative programming is a style of coding that focuses on what you want to achieve, rather than how you want to achieve it. It lets you write more readable, concise, and maintainable code by abstracting away the low-level details and logic. In this article, you will learn what declarative programming is, how it differs from imperative programming, and how you can test its code.

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Yogita Barde ?

Salesforce developer
Alexander Mikheev

Data Science Tech Lead at Saegus

1 Benefits of declarative programming

Declarative programming offers several advantages over imperative programming, such as reducing the amount of code needed to write and avoiding side effects and mutations. This makes your code more reusable and modular, improving the quality and performance of your software. Additionally, it allows you to express your intentions and logic more clearly, which facilitates communication and collaboration among developers.

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Yogita Barde ?

Salesforce developer
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Declarative programming is like giving a recipe: you tell the computer what you want, not how to do it. Testing its code is as simple as tasting the dish—if it matches your expectations, it's a success! Just like following a recipe, you verify if the outcome matches the desired taste. That's how you know your declarative code is cooking up just right! ??

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2 Examples of declarative programming

Declarative programming is not a specific language or framework, but rather a paradigm that can be applied to different domains and technologies. For instance, SQL enables you to query data from a database without needing to specify how to fetch or manipulate it. HTML allows you to define the structure and content of a web page without having to define how it is rendered or displayed. React facilitates the creation of user interfaces by describing the state and components of an application without dictating how to update or manipulate them. Additionally, GraphQL enables you to request data from a server by specifying the shape and fields of your data without specifying how to resolve or fetch them.

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Alexander Mikheev

Data Science Tech Lead at Saegus
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In general examples include tools when you describe a desired state rather than a sequence of steps. Other examples of declarative programming include: * QML that is used by Qt framework to define user interfaces * HCL that is used by terraform tool to declare desired infrastructure state

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3 Challenges of declarative programming

Declarative programming is not a one-size-fits-all solution to software development. It has its own challenges and limitations that must be taken into consideration. Debugging and troubleshooting can be more difficult since you have less control over the underlying implementation and execution of your code. Additionally, it can be less efficient and performant since you are relying on the abstraction layer to optimize and handle the low-level details and logic of your code. Furthermore, it can be less flexible and customizable since you have to follow the rules and conventions of the abstraction layer and the domain-specific language or framework you use. Finally, it can be harder to learn and master since you have to adopt a different mindset and approach to coding than the traditional imperative style.

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4 How to test declarative code

Testing declarative code is not much different from testing imperative code, but it necessitates specific techniques and tools to guarantee accuracy and quality. When testing declarative code, it is best to use unit tests to confirm the behavior and functionality of individual components or modules, such as functions, classes, or queries. Integration tests should be used to verify the integration of components or modules with external systems or dependencies, like databases, APIs, or UI elements. Additionally, end-to-end tests should be conducted to check the application or system from the user's perspective. Code coverage tools can measure the percentage of code that is executed by your tests, and code quality tools can measure the readability, maintainability, and complexity of your code. This way you can identify any gaps or issues that need more attention.

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5 Resources to learn declarative programming

If you want to learn more about declarative programming and how to apply it to your projects, here are some resources that can help. Eric Elliott's article "Declarative Programming: Is It A Real Thing?" offers an explanation of the concept and principles of declarative programming, as well as examples and comparisons with imperative programming. FreeCodeCamp has interactive courses and tutorials on some of the most popular declarative languages and frameworks, such as SQL, HTML, React, and GraphQL. Kent C. Dodds' article "Testing Declarative Code" discusses the challenges and advantages of testing declarative code, plus provides tips and tools for testing React applications.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What is declarative programming and how can you test its code?

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1 Benefits of declarative programming

2 Examples of declarative programming

3 Challenges of declarative programming

4 How to test declarative code

5 Resources to learn declarative programming

6 Here’s what else to consider

Programming

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What is declarative programming and how can you test its code?

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1 Benefits of declarative programming

2 Examples of declarative programming

3 Challenges of declarative programming

4 How to test declarative code

5 Resources to learn declarative programming

6 Here’s what else to consider

Programming

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