What are the current and future applications of 3D reconstruction using stereo or monocular vision?

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3D reconstruction is the process of creating a digital model of a real object or scene from a set of images or videos. It is a key technique in machine vision, the field of computer science that deals with enabling machines to perceive and understand visual information. 3D reconstruction has many current and future applications in various domains, such as entertainment, education, medicine, engineering, and security. In this article, you will learn about the main methods of 3D reconstruction using stereo or monocular vision, and some of the challenges and opportunities they present.

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Thomas Benninger

Von der Vision zur Realit?t: Hochmoderne L?sungen für SPS und Machine Vision.
Anupama V, Ph.D.

Deep Learning Research Scientist
Priyanka V Galagali

ML Engineer | Data Scientist | AI : From Data to Discovery | MLOps

1 Stereo vision

Stereo vision is the most common and intuitive way of 3D reconstruction, as it mimics the human visual system. It involves using two or more cameras that capture the same scene from slightly different viewpoints, and then matching the corresponding pixels or features in the images to estimate the depth and shape of the objects. Stereo vision can produce accurate and dense 3D models, but it requires careful calibration and alignment of the cameras, and it is sensitive to occlusions, lighting changes, and noise. Some examples of stereo vision applications are face recognition, gesture recognition, autonomous driving, and virtual reality.

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Thomas Benninger

Von der Vision zur Realit?t: Hochmoderne L?sungen für SPS und Machine Vision.
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Since the cameras get better and better, we also use stereo vision for inline measurements. Of course, here we talk about tenths of a Millimeter accuracy and not hundreths of a mm like with Structured Light. Nevertheless it is accurate enough for many applications.

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Priyanka V Galagali

ML Engineer | Data Scientist | AI : From Data to Discovery | MLOps
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In healthcare, it enables precise surgical planning and custom prosthetics. Archaeology benefits by digitally preserving artifacts and sites, aiding in research and conservation efforts. In entertainment, it enhances virtual reality (VR) experiences, making immersive gaming and simulated environments more realistic. In robotics, it enables autonomous navigation and object manipulation. Future applications include personalized shopping experiences with virtual try-ons, improved urban planning through detailed city mapping, and enhanced augmented reality (AR) for interactive education and training. As technology advances, the potential for real-time 3D reconstruction in everyday devices like smartphones promises to further integrating things

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2 Monocular vision

Monocular vision is the alternative way of 3D reconstruction, as it uses only one camera to capture the scene. It relies on exploiting cues such as motion, texture, shading, perspective, and prior knowledge to infer the depth and shape of the objects. Monocular vision can overcome some of the limitations of stereo vision, such as the need for multiple cameras and their synchronization, and it can handle dynamic and complex scenes better. However, monocular vision is more challenging and less reliable, as it involves solving an ill-posed problem with many possible solutions. Some examples of monocular vision applications are image enhancement, video stabilization, object detection, and augmented reality.

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Anupama V, Ph.D.

Deep Learning Research Scientist
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3D reconstruction using stereo or monocular vision can be used to accurately track children's growth and development by predicting metrics such as height, head circumference, and MUAC, aiding in the early detection of growth disorders. It can also assess body metrics such as body fat percentage and posture analysis, providing valuable data for health monitoring and diagnosis in adults and health-conscious individuals.

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Priyanka V Galagali

ML Engineer | Data Scientist | AI : From Data to Discovery | MLOps
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3D reconstruction using stereo and monocular vision is a rapidly evolving field with numerous current and future applications across various domains. Current research highlights advancements in real-time 3D reconstruction using monocular vision, which has become crucial in virtual reality, industrial automation, and mobile robotics. These methods, often leveraging deep learning, enable the accurate reconstruction of 3D models using a single RGB-D camera, addressing challenges such as speed, cost, and reconstruction accuracy (MDPI) (SpringerLink).

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3 Challenges and opportunities

3D reconstruction using stereo or monocular vision is still an unresolved problem, with challenges like dealing with occlusions, shadows, reflections and textureless objects, as well as scaling up to large-scale and outdoor scenes. Additionally, incorporating semantic information and high-level reasoning can improve the accuracy of 3D models. Evaluating and comparing the performance of different 3D reconstruction methods and systems is also necessary. On the other hand, opportunities for improvement include developing algorithms and architectures that leverage deep learning and generative models, integrating 3D reconstruction with other machine vision tasks, and exploring new domains and scenarios that can benefit from 3D reconstruction.

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Rúben Oliveira
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There are various 3D techniques, each with its own pros and cons. None is perfect, and each has its limitations. For stereo systems, compromises are necessary, starting with the baseline, which should be as long as possible without causing excessive occlusions due to the geometry of the scanned scene. The lack of texture, which poses issues when reconstructing plain surfaces, can now be addressed with ???????????? ???????????? systems, like the Intel RealSense D400e series. These systems project a random pattern onto the scene, enabling the reconstruction of plain surfaces.

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4 Future trends and directions

3D reconstruction using stereo or monocular vision is a rapidly evolving and exciting field of machine vision, expected to have a great influence on society and technology in the near future. We can anticipate an increase in accessibility and affordability of 3D reconstruction tools and devices, such as smartphones, drones, wearable cameras, and 3D scanners. This would enable anyone to create and share 3D models of their surroundings and experiences. Additionally, 3D reconstruction applications, such as gaming, entertainment, social media, and e-commerce will become more interactive and immersive for users. New methods, datasets, benchmarks, and challenges are being developed to advance the innovation and research in 3D reconstruction, pushing the boundaries of machine vision and 3D modeling.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the current and future applications of 3D reconstruction using stereo or monocular vision?

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1 Stereo vision

2 Monocular vision

3 Challenges and opportunities

4 Future trends and directions

5 Here’s what else to consider

Machine Vision

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