What are the common performance bottlenecks and how do you identify them with monitoring tools?

1. Run top command to get the process consuming most of the CPU 2. Take multiple thread dump of that process in 5 sec interval. 3. Print the thread information for that process using top command. 4. Find the thread taking most of the CPU. 5. Analyse the thread stack to understand the CPU bottleneck. 6. See the Full GC pattern of they are happening very frequently This can lead in CPU spikes as well. 7. If CPU in I/O operation is high then analyze the logging from your application Make sure Debug logs are disabled. Too much logging can degrade perforamnce and increase I/O CPU.

Monitor CPU utilization using tools such as Dynatrace or AppDynamics. If you notice a sustained spike over time, conduct a thread dump analysis to examine the status of threads (e.g., blocked or waiting). Evaluate the garbage collection (GC) cycles, paying attention to any frequent spikes in GC that may impact CPU utilization. Perform profiling to identify the methods consuming the most CPU. Additionally, consider horizontal scaling to assess whether the issue persists under increased system capacity.

Performance bottlenecks significantly impact system efficiency, stemming from CPU overload, memory constraints, disk I/O limitations, network congestion, and database inefficiencies. Identifying these issues requires various monitoring tools and metrics. Tools like AppDynamics detect CPU and memory bottlenecks, while Datadog and Wireshark diagnose disk I/O and network issues. New Relic tracks database and application-level performance problems. By employing these tools to address various concerns, including storage limitations and API rate issues, organizations can effectively identify and resolve bottlenecks, optimizing system performance and user satisfaction.

Monitor Memory utilization using tool such as Dynatrace or AppDynamics .If you see sustained spike over time , deep dive into memory areas - Heap , Metaspace , direct memory etc .Evaluate the garbage collection cycles .Take heap dump , analyse the objects taking highest memory, dominator tree analysis ( shallow & retained heap consumption ) , leak suspect .Perform profiling to identify the methods consuming most memory .

1. Analyze GC pattern if it is reclaiming the memory or not. 2. Look of OOM error in the logs. 3. Enable auto heapdump from JVM arguments that can take heap dump as and when OOM ocurrs. 4. Ananlyze healp dump using any profiling tool. Preferably Eclipse MAT. 5. Look for the leak suspects and analyse for the stack trace to identify the memory leak. 6. Analyze the code and underatnd where can be the leak.

1. Use ping commnland to see the network latency. 2. If it is showing high latency then run traceroute to check if packets are reaching to the destination. 3. If you see connection timeout then you can take tcp dump at source and destination and see if the packet started frol source is reaching to destination or not. 4. Analyze tcpdump using wireshark and see if it ks showing nay error like TCP window full or TCP zero window or lot of re-transmission. 5. Take help from network team to understand the root cause.

1. Run iostat commad to monitor the disk utilization read and write. 2. Check the rate of read or write to any disk. 3. Run top command also to see if wait CPU is high or not. 4. Check if excessive logging is not happening from.th3 application or see if Debug logs are enabled. 5. Take thread dump to see if there is any thread stack for logging and analyse it to see the bottleneck.

A common issue among developers is inefficient I/O operations during database interactions. Often, developers execute I/O operations individually, such as inserting 100 employee records one by one, leading to excessive I/O usage. Instead, it's more efficient to combine these into a single insert command, significantly reducing the I/O operations required. Optimizing this process is crucial. Developers should consider staging data in an in-memory database and commit these changes during periods of low I/O activity to enhance performance.

Awesome article. Thanks for sharing. How do I save this article for future reference? I may not remember all facets discussed in this article. I think a tool should check for all aspects of the non functional requirements of the system such as scalability, portability, maintainability, reliability, reusability, understandability etc. Only then will the performance of a system be good. Hardware is only one aspect of the system performance. It is quite possible that the points that you mention could impact the aspects that I mention and vice-versa. Thanks for your thought provoking article. Have a great day please??????????????????

1. Check health of the DB. Monitor cpu, memory, active connections. 2. If CPU is high, check the slow queries in the logs that might be causing DB to slow. 3. If there is any slow queries in the logs, check the execution plan and see if proper indexes are there or full table scan is not happening. 4. If using oracle DB then yltake AWR report and analyze the AWR report to see any abnormalities 5. Check from application side if it js using connection pool or not. If not then it will create connection each time. That will load the DB and eventually affects the application performance. 6. Take strace to see if connection pooling is used or not.

Database bottlenecks can be from query and schema design patterns that work against the platform being used. An example of this would be queries that do work row by row on a relational platform. Another example would be a schema that has tables that ignore best practices for normalization. This can lead to concurrency problems. Additionally, reviewing and applying configuration best practices can solve many database related bottlenecks.

For database bottlenecks we can monitor the metrics - DB CPU, memory utilization ,writeOPS, ReadOPS, active Db connections, read write throughput , top 10 queries taking maximum time ,slowest queries , read & write throughput , row inserted ,index scan etc .You can also take AWR report for analysis .