What are the best ways to incorporate security into system architecture?

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Security is a crucial aspect of any system architecture, as it affects the reliability, performance, and usability of the system. However, security is not something that can be added as an afterthought or a separate layer. It has to be integrated into the design and development process from the beginning, following some best practices and principles. In this article, we will explore some of the best ways to incorporate security into system architecture.

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1 Identify security requirements

The first step to incorporate security into system architecture is to identify the security requirements of the system. These include the goals, objectives, threats, risks, assumptions, and constraints that define the security needs and expectations of the system. Security requirements should be aligned with the business and functional requirements, as well as the regulatory and legal standards that apply to the system. Security requirements should also be measurable, verifiable, and prioritized, so that they can guide the design and testing of the system.

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Jason Layton

Senior Manager - Cyber Security | Curious learner, passionate creator, driven innovator
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In my experience, getting an accurate understanding of the non-functional security requirements early in the system design process allows for effective security design to be factored in to the overall solution and project timelines. Additionally, ensuring that all the key business stakeholders are aware of the positive risks and not just the negative risks that effective security controls provide opportunities for is a good way to gain support for security to be factored in as early as possible.

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Ricardo Klai Satuchengo

Cybersecurity Analyst
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Os requisitos de seguran?a s?o a base essencial para incorporar medidas eficazes na arquitetura do sistema. Estes abrangem metas, objetivos, amea?as, riscos, suposi??es e restri??es, delineando as necessidades e expectativas de seguran?a. é fundamental alinhar esses requisitos com os objetivos empresariais, funcionais e normativos, garantindo que sejam mensuráveis, verificáveis e priorizados. Essa abordagem direciona n?o apenas o design, mas também os testes do sistema, garantindo uma implementa??o robusta e em conformidade.

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Syed Haider Hussain

Senior Cybersecurity Consultant | CISSP | SABSA SCF | CISM | CDPSE | ISO 27001 LI | CEH | ECSA | Security +
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Incorporating security into system architecture involves implementing defense-in-depth, following the least privilege principle, applying strong authentication and access controls, encrypting data, adhering to secure coding practices, conducting security testing and assessments, configuring systems securely, monitoring and logging activities, implementing network segmentation, and establishing incident response and disaster recovery plans.

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2 Apply security principles

The second step to incorporate security into system architecture is to apply some security principles that can help achieve the security requirements. These general guidelines can assist in designing and implementing secure systems, such as ensuring least privilege, using defense in depth, making sure the system fails safely in case of errors or attacks, separating concerns, relying on open design rather than obscurity, and incorporating security into every stage of the system development lifecycle.

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3 Choose security patterns

The third step to incorporate security into system architecture is to choose some security patterns that can help solve specific security problems or challenges. Security patterns are reusable solutions that address common security issues or scenarios in a given context, providing a proven and consistent way to design and implement security features or functions in the system. Examples of common security patterns include authentication for verifying user identity and credentials, authorization for enforcing access and permissions policies, encryption for protecting data confidentiality and integrity, logging and auditing for recording and monitoring activities and events, and firewall for filtering and blocking unwanted network traffic.

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Jason Layton

Senior Manager - Cyber Security | Curious learner, passionate creator, driven innovator
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When designing and integrating new systems into your network environment it is wise not to reinvent the wheel. This is where leveraging pre-existing security patterns provide value. Most well-known cloud providers offer libraries of existing security patterns that provide common solutions for cloud-hosted environments. Of course, there will be scenarios that are unique to your organisation and technical environment. Making sure you have up-to-date internal security standards are key when architecting new security patterns that fit your specific requirements (as well as any regulatory compliance requirements also).

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4 Evaluate security trade-offs

The fourth step to incorporate security into system architecture is to evaluate the security trade-offs that may arise from the design and implementation decisions. Security trade-offs are the compromises or balances that have to be made between security and other aspects of the system, such as performance, usability, scalability, cost, or complexity. Security trade-offs should be analyzed and justified based on the security requirements, principles, and patterns, as well as the system context and constraints. Security trade-offs should also be documented and communicated to the stakeholders and users of the system.

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5 Test and review security

The fifth step to incorporate security into system architecture is to test and review the security of the system. This involves verifying and validating that the system meets the security requirements, follows the security principles and patterns, and handles the security trade-offs appropriately. Testing and reviewing can be done using various methods and tools, such as static analysis, which checks code or configuration for security flaws or vulnerabilities using automated or manual tools, dynamic analysis, which runs the system in a controlled environment to observe its behavior for security issues or anomalies, penetration testing, which simulates real-world attacks on the system to assess its resistance and response to security threats using ethical hackers or experts, and code review, which inspects code or configuration for security quality and compliance using peer reviewers or auditors.

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Aniket Soni

Associate - Projects @Cognizant | 2x GCP Certified | Databricks Certified Data Engineer | AFCEA 2024 40U40 | IAF Young Achievers' Awardee | Full-Stack Engineer | Judge | Speaker | Tech Mentor | Tech Reviewer
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Incorporating security into system architecture is a holistic endeavor that reaches its pinnacle in the testing and review phase. This step serves as the litmus test, ensuring that the implemented security measures align with the identified requirements, principles and patterns. Through meticulous testing methodologies, including static analysis, dynamic analysis, penetration testing and code review, potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses are systematically identified and addressed. This iterative process not only validates the efficacy of security mechanisms but also fortifies the system's resilience against evolving threats.

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6 Update and maintain security

The sixth and final step to incorporate security into system architecture is to update and maintain the system's security. This involves staying up-to-date with the latest security standards, best practices, and technologies. To do so, various activities and processes can be used, such as patching to fix or improve code or configuration, monitoring to collect and analyze data, auditing to conduct periodic or random checks, and training to educate users on security awareness and skills. Keeping the system secure through these activities will help detect and report security incidents or breaches, as well as ensure compliance and effectiveness.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best ways to incorporate security into system architecture?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Identify security requirements

2 Apply security principles

3 Choose security patterns

4 Evaluate security trade-offs

5 Test and review security

6 Update and maintain security

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Design

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What are the best ways to incorporate security into system architecture?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Identify security requirements

2 Apply security principles

3 Choose security patterns

4 Evaluate security trade-offs

5 Test and review security

6 Update and maintain security

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Design

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