What are the best ways to explain complex medical information to patients?

1 Use plain language

Plain language is a way of writing or speaking that is clear, concise, and easy to understand. It avoids jargon, technical terms, and acronyms that may confuse your patients. Instead, it uses common words, short sentences, and active voice. For example, instead of saying "You have hypertension", you could say "Your blood pressure is too high". Plain language also includes using examples, analogies, or visuals that relate to your patients' experiences. For example, you could compare the size of a tumor to a fruit or show a picture of a healthy and a diseased organ.

2 Assess your patients' understanding

Before, during, and after you explain complex medical information, it is important to check your patients' understanding and clarify any doubts or questions. To assess your patients' understanding, you can ask open-ended questions that require more than a yes or no answer. For example, "What are the main benefits and risks of this treatment option?" or "How will this medication affect your daily activities?". Additionally, you can ask your patients to repeat back or teach back what you have explained in their own words to identify any gaps or misunderstandings. Lastly, you can ask them to demonstrate how they will use a device, take a medication, or perform a self-care task to ensure that they have the skills and confidence to follow your instructions.

3 Involve your patients in the decision-making process

Explaining complex medical information involves more than just providing facts and figures; it also involves engaging your patients in a shared decision-making process that respects their values, preferences, and goals. To effectively do this, you should explain the different options and alternatives available for their condition, including the benefits, risks, costs, and consequences of each one. Additionally, ask your patients about their expectations, concerns, and preferences regarding their treatment and care. Listen actively and empathetically to their views and feelings. Discuss the pros and cons of each option with your patients to help them weigh the trade-offs and uncertainties. Ultimately, support your patients to make an informed and voluntary choice that aligns with their best interests and values.

5 Follow up with your patients

Explaining complex medical information is not a one-time event; it requires regular follow-up and feedback. To keep in touch with your patients, you should schedule appointments or phone calls to review the complex medical information and answer any questions or concerns. Additionally, sending reminders or messages to reinforce the medical information and encourage them to follow your recommendations can be beneficial. Moreover, referring them to other sources of support, such as peer groups, counselors, or educators, can help them cope and learn more about their condition.