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What are the best techniques to measure and reduce jitter in high-speed digital circuits?

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Jitter is the unwanted variation in the timing of digital signals, which can degrade the performance and reliability of high-speed digital circuits. Jitter can be caused by various factors, such as noise, interference, power supply fluctuations, temperature changes, and component variations. In this article, you will learn about the best techniques to measure and reduce jitter in high-speed digital circuits, such as phase-locked loops (PLLs), clock distribution networks, and signal integrity methods.

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Luigi C. Filho

1 What is jitter and why does it matter?

Jitter is the deviation from the ideal timing of a digital signal, measured in seconds or fractions of a clock cycle. Jitter can be classified into two types: random jitter and deterministic jitter. Random jitter is unpredictable and follows a Gaussian distribution, while deterministic jitter is predictable and has a bounded range. Jitter can affect the quality of data transmission, signal processing, and synchronization in high-speed digital circuits, leading to errors, glitches, and failures.

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2 How to measure jitter in high-speed digital circuits?

To measure jitter in high-speed digital circuits, you need to use specialized instruments and methods that can capture and analyze the timing variations of the digital signals. Oscilloscopes are able to display the waveform of the digital signal and measure its peak-to-peak jitter, cycle-to-cycle jitter, and period jitter. Additionally, they can perform eye diagram analysis to show the shape and quality of the signal over multiple cycles. Spectrum analyzers are used to measure the frequency spectrum of the digital signal and its phase noise, which is related to jitter by a specific formula. Finally, dedicated jitter analyzers can perform tests such as jitter decomposition, jitter transfer, jitter tolerance, and jitter generation.

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Luigi C. Filho
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3 How to reduce jitter in high-speed digital circuits?

In order to reduce jitter in high-speed digital circuits, the design and optimization of PLLs, clock distribution networks, and signal integrity methods should be taken into consideration. PLLs can filter out noise and interference from the input clock signal, however they can also introduce jitter due to their own inherent noise sources. Clock distribution networks can reduce jitter by ensuring that the clock signal reaches each destination with the same timing and amplitude, but they can also introduce jitter due to parasitic elements. Signal integrity methods such as differential signaling, shielding, and termination can reduce jitter by canceling out common-mode noise and interference, blocking external noise and interference, and preventing signal reflection and ringing. Therefore, these components must be carefully designed and optimized to minimize their jitter contribution.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best techniques to measure and reduce jitter in high-speed digital circuits?

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1 What is jitter and why does it matter?

2 How to measure jitter in high-speed digital circuits?

3 How to reduce jitter in high-speed digital circuits?

4 Here’s what else to consider

Integrated Circuit Design

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