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What are the best practices for paraphrasing and quoting from a research report?

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Paraphrasing and quoting are essential skills for writing a research paper. They allow you to use the ideas and evidence from other sources without plagiarizing or losing your own voice. However, you need to follow some best practices to avoid common pitfalls and errors. In this article, we will explain how to cite a research report correctly and effectively in the context of research.

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Zaza Kabayadondo

tech + media + play + learning

1 What is a research report?

A research report is a document that presents the findings and analysis of a research project. It usually includes an introduction, a literature review, a methodology, a results section, a discussion, and a conclusion. Depending on the discipline and the purpose, a research report may also have an abstract, an executive summary, a recommendation, or an appendix. A research report can be published in a journal, a book, a website, or a database.

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Mona Saadeldin, B.Pharm, M.Pharm, MSc., Ph.D.

Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Also, sometimes the research report includes the limitations of the study and the future prospectives. The limitations would be specifically important in case the study was done using human samples. As the results stemming from this study can only be informative to the age, sex, and race of people from which the samples were taken.

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2 Why cite a research report?

Citing a research report is important for several reasons. First, it gives credit to the original authors and acknowledges their contribution to the field. Second, it enables your readers to locate and verify the source of your information. Third, it shows that you have done your homework and that you are familiar with the relevant literature. Fourth, it supports your arguments and claims with evidence and authority. Fifth, it helps you avoid plagiarism, which is a serious academic offense.

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Zaza Kabayadondo

tech + media + play + learning
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A professor once told me that knowledge is like "a big LEGO city," each thinker contributed a piece before you so that you aren't starting from scratch. Whether you paraphrase a bot, a friend, or a researcher, the practice of paraphrasing is an important part of building collective understanding, it enables us to do something richer with ideas, to push our thinking farther. BUT when done without references, paraphrasing can become plagiarism, and can discredit you.

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3 How to paraphrase a research report?

Paraphrasing is a useful technique when you need to summarize or simplify a complex or lengthy passage, or when you want to express the source's ideas in a different way. To paraphrase a research report, you should first read the original passage carefully and identify the key points and concepts. Then, write down the main ideas in your own words without looking at the original passage. After that, compare your paraphrase with the original passage to make sure that you have not changed the meaning or the tone of the source. Finally, cite the source using the appropriate citation style and use quotation marks if you use any exact words or phrases from the source.

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Zaza Kabayadondo

tech + media + play + learning
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Follow three steps: 1) paraphrase - in your own words describe the key point by outlining your understanding of what it says; 2) quote - use quotation marks to include any specific words or phrase and attribute the original authors when there is an especially meaningful definition or new term or statistic that drives the point home 3) include a discussion of your interpretation of what the authors meant, and the implications or what might be a natural extension of their idea. My paragraph above does all three things, I reference the author (my professor) and I use quotation marks for the exact words he used "a big LEGO city" to make it clear I am borrowing his phrasing and then I show what meaning I took away from what he said.

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4 How to quote a research report?

Quoting involves copying the exact words or phrases from a source and placing them in your text within quotation marks. This is beneficial when you want to maintain the original language or style of the source, or when you want to emphasize a specific or memorable expression. To quote a research report, you should use quotation marks to indicate the beginning and end of the quote, cite the source using the appropriate citation style and include the page number or the paragraph number if available, use ellipses (...) to indicate any omission of words or sentences from the original passage, use brackets ([ ]) to indicate any addition or modification of words or sentences to the original passage, and use block quotes for long quotes (usually more than 40 words or four lines) and indent them from the left margin.

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5 What are some tips for paraphrasing and quoting effectively?

When paraphrasing and quoting a research report, it is important to select the most relevant and representative passages to support your points. You should also balance the use of paraphrasing and quoting in your paper, integrating them smoothly into your text and providing context and explanation. Additionally, use signal words or phrases to introduce the source and show its relationship to your argument. Finally, check your paraphrases and quotes for accuracy and clarity, making sure they are consistent with the citation style and the format of your paper.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Zaza Kabayadondo

tech + media + play + learning
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Here's a fun metaphor for the relationship between referencing and paraphrasing: sampling in music. In March 2022, a musician I hadn't heard of sampled my favorite childhood singer, Mariah Carey, in a song called Big Energy. The song opens with a chord progression that is unmistakably borrowed (sampled) from Mariah Carey's song Fantasy. My first reaction was horror to think someone had stolen (plagiarized) from Mariah but the singer, Latto, was paraphrasing! Latto recreates the meaning (paraphrases) of the song in her own style applying it to today's context for a fatal attraction. She also credits Mariah Carey and co-features her as an artist on the song (referencing).

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What are the best practices for paraphrasing and quoting from a research report?

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3

4

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1 What is a research report?

2 Why cite a research report?

3 How to paraphrase a research report?

4 How to quote a research report?

5 What are some tips for paraphrasing and quoting effectively?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Research

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What are the best practices for paraphrasing and quoting from a research report?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What is a research report?

2 Why cite a research report?

3 How to paraphrase a research report?

4 How to quote a research report?

5 What are some tips for paraphrasing and quoting effectively?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Research

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