Last updated on 2024年7月22日

What are the best practices for measuring and valuing urban green space benefits?

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Urban green spaces are vital for the well-being of people and nature in cities. They provide multiple benefits, such as improving air quality, reducing urban heat islands, enhancing biodiversity, and supporting mental and physical health. But how can we measure and value these benefits in a way that informs planning and decision-making? In this article, you will learn about some of the best practices for assessing and monetizing urban green space benefits, based on the latest research and examples from around the world.

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Vikram Kohli

Architect and Urbanist, Assistant Professor at School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal.
Mili Arora

ESG | AM@Arise IIP | Environmental Planner | Architect - Silver medalist | SPA Delhi | Placement Coordinator 2022-23 |…
Nada Tarek

Sustainable Specialist | MSc | Researcher | PhD candidate

1 Define the scope and objectives

The first step in measuring and valuing urban green space benefits is to define the scope and objectives of the analysis. What are the specific questions you want to answer? Who are the intended users and beneficiaries of the results? What are the spatial and temporal boundaries of the study area? How will you classify and map the urban green spaces and their functions? These questions will help you determine the appropriate methods, data sources, and indicators for your analysis.

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Nada Tarek

Sustainable Specialist | MSc | Researcher | PhD candidate
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Measuring and evaluating urban green spaces is a multifaceted process that requires a holistic approach. These best practices empower cities and communities to harness the full potential of green spaces, ultimately promoting sustainable urban development and enhancing the quality of life for residents. Economic valuation methods, such as Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), quantify costs and benefits, aiding decision-making. Property value analysis reflects desirability and market value enhancement linked to these spaces. Health and well-being assessments, like Health Impact Assessments (HIA) and surveys, reveal positive effects on public health and resident well-being, including stress reduction and increased physical activity.

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2 Choose the valuation approach

The second step is to choose the valuation approach that best suits your objectives and data availability. There are different ways of estimating the economic value of urban green space benefits, depending on how they affect human welfare. For example, you can use market prices, revealed preferences, stated preferences, or benefit transfer methods. Each method has its advantages and limitations, so you need to consider the reliability, validity, and applicability of the results.

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Juan Camilo Rueda Ariza

Urban Planner / Environmental Engineering - Public Space - Placemaking - Sustainable and Inclusive Cities
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Is Economic Value the only expected outcome of this research? (Please take this critic as a positive way of the approach) In my experience, economic value is a bias when measuring the impacts of public places. Although it is essential, other measurements related to well-being, health or environmental impacts must be considered. In a world where non-western approaches to understanding wellbeing are becoming more important, the $$$ of public space it not necessarily the best way to understand their impacts.

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Nada Tarek

Sustainable Specialist | MSc | Researcher | PhD candidate
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Environmental evaluations encompass understanding ecosystem services provided by green spaces, focusing on urban heat island mitigation and stormwater management. Social and community benefits encourage social interaction, recreation, cultural activities, and enhance safety and security. Data-driven approaches, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, enable informed decisions based on robust evidence. In conclusion, these practices enable cities to make informed decisions, enhance urban green spaces, and improve the overall quality of urban life for residents.

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3 Collect and analyze the data

The third step is to collect and analyze the data needed for your valuation approach. Depending on the method, you may need to gather primary or secondary data, or both. Primary data are collected directly from the users or beneficiaries of urban green space benefits, such as through surveys, interviews, or experiments. Secondary data are obtained from existing sources, such as literature, databases, or models. You need to ensure that the data are consistent, accurate, and representative of your study area and population.

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Juan Camilo Rueda Ariza

Urban Planner / Environmental Engineering - Public Space - Placemaking - Sustainable and Inclusive Cities
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Most cities have data already; as this is part of the Method I would suggest that the research should begin by analyzing existing data and identifying gaps that may need to be closed by collecting primary data.

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4 Report and communicate the results

The fourth step is to report and communicate the results of your valuation analysis in a clear and transparent way. You need to provide the details of your methods, data, and assumptions, as well as the uncertainties and limitations of your estimates. You also need to present the results in a way that is understandable and relevant for your target audience, such as using tables, graphs, maps, or narratives. You should highlight the main findings and implications of your analysis, as well as the recommendations and actions that follow from them.

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5 Compare and integrate the results

The fifth step is to compare and integrate the results of your valuation analysis with other sources of information and perspectives. You need to acknowledge that urban green space benefits are not the only factors that influence planning and decision-making in cities. You also need to consider the costs, trade-offs, synergies, and distributional effects of different scenarios and alternatives. You should use tools and frameworks that allow you to compare and integrate the results of your valuation analysis with other criteria, such as multi-criteria analysis, cost-benefit analysis, or ecosystem services assessment.

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6 Monitor and update the results

The sixth and final step is to monitor and update the results of your valuation analysis over time. You need to recognize that urban green space benefits are dynamic and context-dependent, and that they may change due to various factors, such as climate change, urban development, or management practices. You should establish indicators and methods that allow you to track and evaluate the changes in urban green space benefits and their values. You should also update your analysis periodically, using new data, methods, and scenarios, to reflect the current and future conditions and preferences of your study area and population.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Vikram Kohli

Architect and Urbanist, Assistant Professor at School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal.
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Evidence based data has to lead to design decision making. A study by BMW Guggenheim lab showcased that park and a church had a very similar impact on human body. This is observed by various body parameters. Factors like proximity, typology, function and degree of publicness play a crucial role in adaptability and quality of green spaces.

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Mili Arora

ESG | AM@Arise IIP | Environmental Planner | Architect - Silver medalist | SPA Delhi | Placement Coordinator 2022-23 | CSE | ITPI | COA | 10K+ Connections on LinkedIn
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Best practices for measuring and valuing urban green space benefits emphasize a multidisciplinary approach. Utilizing GIS and remote sensing can help map and analyze green space distribution and usage, while participatory surveys can capture community satisfaction. Economic techniques like hedonic pricing and cost-benefit analysis quantify benefits such as property value increases and improved public health outcomes. Integrating these methods ensure a comprehensive evaluation, supporting informed urban planning and policy-making.

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What are the best practices for measuring and valuing urban green space benefits?

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1 Define the scope and objectives

2 Choose the valuation approach

3 Collect and analyze the data

4 Report and communicate the results

5 Compare and integrate the results

6 Monitor and update the results

7 Here’s what else to consider

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