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What are the best practices for interprofessional communication during surgery?

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Interprofessional communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, and opinions among different health care professionals who work together to provide safe and effective patient care. During surgery, interprofessional communication is especially important, as it can affect the outcomes, quality, and safety of the surgical procedure. In this article, you will learn about some of the best practices for interprofessional communication during surgery, and how they can help you and your team perform better and avoid errors.

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Simon K C Toh

Professor & Consultant Surgeon, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust & University of Portsmouth
Glenn Levine

Leave before you write that note, or begin pondering a manifesto
Stefanos Stefanidis DDS PhD Specialist Oral Surgeon

Chirurgien dentiste at Centre medicodentaire bussy saint georges

1 Why is interprofessional communication important during surgery?

Interprofessional communication during surgery is important for several reasons. First, it helps to establish a common goal, plan, and expectation among the surgical team members, who may have different roles, backgrounds, and perspectives. Second, it facilitates the coordination and collaboration of tasks, actions, and decisions during the surgery, which can reduce delays, complications, and waste. Third, it enables the identification and resolution of issues, conflicts, and errors that may arise during the surgery, which can improve patient safety and quality of care. Fourth, it promotes a positive and respectful team culture, which can enhance trust, morale, and satisfaction among the surgical team members.

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Glenn Levine

Leave before you write that note, or begin pondering a manifesto
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The quality of operating room help diminished greatly over the course of my clinical career: 1987-2022. Every phase of OR personnel worsened. Nurse managers are either great in OR or great with admin responsibilities, rarely both. Operating room nurses rarely scrub any longer and there’s too much paperwork for circulators. Scrub techs seem to span the spectrum of capabilities and too many are borderline professional. All this was noticeably more acute in rural settings. I’m glad I’m out.

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Simon K C Toh

Professor & Consultant Surgeon, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust & University of Portsmouth
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We know human factors account for the majority of adverse events in surgery. The theatre team cohesion and good comms are vital and often forgotten priorities in surgery. The NOTSS Faculty just celebrated our 20th anniversary in Edinburgh last week teaching just these principles to surgical teams all around the world.

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2 What are the barriers to interprofessional communication during surgery?

Interprofessional communication during surgery is essential yet can be difficult due to various barriers. Hierarchical and power differences among the surgical team members can lead to a culture of silence, intimidation, or deference, which impedes open and honest communication. Furthermore, lack of clarity and consistency in roles, responsibilities, and expectations can create confusion, duplication, or omission of tasks and information. Distractions and interruptions during the surgery may disrupt the flow of communication and heighten the risk of errors. Different communication styles, preferences, and terminologies among the surgical team members may result in miscommunication, ambiguity, or conflict. Time pressure and workload further limit the opportunity and quality of communication while increasing the stress and fatigue of the surgical team members.

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Simon K C Toh

Professor & Consultant Surgeon, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust & University of Portsmouth
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The WHO checklist briefs and debriefs at the start and end has helped to mitigate most of the barriers identified. However, further human factor training is invaluable to optimise teams to overcome these deficiencies.

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3 How to improve interprofessional communication during surgery?

To improve interprofessional communication during surgery, you and your team can adopt some best practices. Utilize standardized tools and protocols, such as checklists, briefings, debriefings, handovers, and closed-loop communication to ensure relevant information is shared, verified, and acknowledged. Furthermore, use clear, concise, respectful language and tone while avoiding jargon or acronyms. Active listening skills like paraphrasing, summarizing, and asking questions should also be employed to confirm and clarify information. Additionally, encourage a culture of speaking up, sharing ideas, and giving feedback while respecting the opinions of all surgical team members. Issues or errors should be acknowledged and addressed while help or support should be sought when needed. Minimize distractions by designating a quiet area for communication and using appropriate communication devices. Finally, manage time and workload by prioritizing important tasks while monitoring the communication frequency and intensity according to the situation.

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Stefanos Stefanidis DDS PhD Specialist Oral Surgeon

Chirurgien dentiste at Centre medicodentaire bussy saint georges
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The best thing to do is to design a concise treatment plan before entering into the operation room and have clarified the rationale of decision making with all professionals in the process.

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Simon K C Toh

Professor & Consultant Surgeon, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust & University of Portsmouth
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As per my answer above, WHO checklist or a variation can improve comms significantly. Calling each other by first names levels the hierarchy and allows all team members to speak up when they have a concern.

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4 What are the benefits of interprofessional communication during surgery?

By following the best practices for interprofessional communication during surgery, you and your team can reap numerous rewards, such as improved patient outcomes, quality, and safety. This is due to the surgical team being able to work together more effectively and efficiently, thus preventing or reducing the occurrence and impact of errors, complications, and adverse events. Additionally, enhanced team performance, collaboration, and satisfaction can be achieved as the surgical team members communicate more clearly and respectfully, building trust and rapport among each other. Furthermore, increased professional development and learning is possible as the surgical team members share their knowledge, skills, and experiences while learning from each other's feedback and perspectives. Finally, reduced stress and burnout can be experienced by the surgical team members as they cope better with the challenges of surgery while supporting each other's well-being and resilience.

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Dr. Manojkumar Manwani

Plastic Surgeon
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Interprofessional communication is important to achieve best possible result of surgery with minimum morbidity and no mortality. It is very important to reach proper diagnosis and to plan best treatment modalities.

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5 How to evaluate and improve your interprofessional communication skills during surgery?

To evaluate and improve your interprofessional communication skills during surgery, you can seek feedback from colleagues, supervisors, or mentors. Additionally, use self-assessment tools such as questionnaires or rubrics to reflect on your own communication behaviors and outcomes. Furthermore, observe and learn from other surgical team members to identify the communication techniques that work well for them. Participating in simulation exercises, role plays, or case studies can also help you practice and improve your communication skills in a realistic and safe environment. Engaging in continuous education and training is also beneficial; attend workshops, courses, or seminars that focus on interprofessional communication skills and competencies. Moreover, access online resources such as articles, videos, or podcasts that provide tips, examples, and best practices for interprofessional communication during surgery.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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alvaro yesid romero granados

Coordinador médico auditoría
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En salas de cirugía sin importar en qué ciudad, país o continente, lo importante es siempre garantizar un ambiente donde todos los participantes del procedimiento quirúrgicos tengan la tranquilidad de manifestar sus opiniones y se respeten, que cuando no se compartan estas opiniones o estén fuera de contexto, tengamos la capacidad de retroalimentar con respeto y con mucha EMPATíA. Cuando todos puedan expresarse y llegar al gran consenso de lo mejor, de lo mejor para todos, seremos un equipo de excelencia en salud en salas de cirugía con los mejores resultados y un alto nivel de seguridad de paciente.

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What are the best practices for interprofessional communication during surgery?

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1 Why is interprofessional communication important during surgery?

2 What are the barriers to interprofessional communication during surgery?

3 How to improve interprofessional communication during surgery?

4 What are the benefits of interprofessional communication during surgery?

5 How to evaluate and improve your interprofessional communication skills during surgery?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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