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What are the best practices for integrating WCAG into web content design?

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Web content design is not only about aesthetics and functionality, but also about accessibility and usability for all users, regardless of their abilities, preferences, or devices. One of the most widely adopted standards for web accessibility is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide principles, guidelines, and success criteria for creating web content that is perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. Integrating WCAG into web content design can benefit not only the users, but also the developers, the owners, and the network managers of the web content. In this article, we will explore some of the best practices for integrating WCAG into web content design, and how they can improve the performance, security, and scalability of the web content in a computer networking context.

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1 Understand the WCAG levels and versions

WCAG has three levels of conformance: A, AA, and AAA. Each level represents a different degree of accessibility and compliance, with A being the minimum and AAA being the highest. Depending on the type, purpose, and audience of the web content, you should choose the appropriate level of conformance that meets your needs and goals. WCAG also has different versions: 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, and 2.2 (draft). Each version builds on the previous one and adds new guidelines and success criteria to address emerging issues and technologies. You should always use the latest version of WCAG that is relevant and applicable to your web content, and update your web content accordingly when a new version is released.

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Justus Khaemba
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Understand WCAG Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with WCAG 2.1 or the latest version at the time, as it provides a comprehensive set of guidelines for making web content more accessible. Semantic HTML: Use proper HTML markup to structure content. This includes using appropriate header tags (h1-h6), lists, paragraphs, and other elements as intended to provide a clear structure to assistive technologies. Keyboard Accessibility: Ensure all functionality and content can be accessed using a keyboard alone. Users with motor disabilities often rely on keyboard navigation, so make sure interactive elements are easily reachable and operable.

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2 Apply the WCAG principles and guidelines

WCAG is based on four principles: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. Each principle has a number of guidelines that provide specific recommendations for web content design. For example, the perceivable principle has four guidelines: text alternatives, time-based media, adaptable, and distinguishable. Each guideline has a number of success criteria that define the measurable outcomes for web content design. For example, the text alternatives guideline has one success criterion: provide text alternatives for any non-text content. You should apply the WCAG principles and guidelines to every aspect of your web content design, from the layout and navigation to the images and multimedia.

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Ashley Dancy

Instructional Designer
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WCAG should be baked in to every design. From prototype to mockup execution so the web page usable for all at launch. View examples given within the WCAG guidelines and use them to propel your code forward. WEBAIM and Firefox developer tools provide wonderful examples and detailed explanations of guidelines. Use those for yourself but also pass them along to team members who are not involved in technical work. Do not be afraid to answer questions such as “Why do we need to have inclusive design?” Those questions give you a chance to reach team members who can become allies and further the cause of accessibility.

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3 Use the WCAG techniques and tools

WCAG provides a variety of techniques and tools to help you implement the guidelines and success criteria in your web content design. Techniques are specific methods or examples of how to achieve a certain success criterion. For example, one technique for providing text alternatives for images is to use the alt attribute in the HTML code. Tools are software or resources that can assist you in testing, evaluating, or validating your web content design for accessibility. For example, one tool for checking the contrast ratio of text and background is the WebAIM Contrast Checker. You should use the WCAG techniques and tools as a reference and a support for your web content design, but not as a substitute for your own judgment and creativity.

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Brittney Honkomp

Elevating Transformational Retreats for Guests AND Leaders | Supporting Wellness Coaches, Therapists, and Practitioners | Retreat Planning, Promotion, & On-site Coordination
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Fortunately there are a lot of great tools out there now that can help make your website more accessible. I always check Adobe's Color Contrast Analyzer when deciding what colors to use for text on a website. UserWay also has an amazing widget that's super easy to implement into any website. The widget will adjust how a user views the website and even has a screenreader built in. They also have a handy accessibility checker that will analyze your site and show you want you need to work on. I've noticed that a lot of the same principles for structuring a page for SEO optimization apply to digital accessibility as well.

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4 Involve users and stakeholders in the process

WCAG is not a one-time or a one-size-fits-all solution for web content design. It is a dynamic and ongoing process that requires constant feedback, improvement, and adaptation. One of the best ways to ensure that your web content design meets the needs and expectations of your users and stakeholders is to involve them in the process. Users are the people who will access and interact with your web content, and they may have different abilities, preferences, or devices. Stakeholders are the people who have an interest or a responsibility in your web content, such as the developers, the owners, or the network managers. You should consult, collaborate, and communicate with your users and stakeholders throughout the web content design process, from the planning and development to the testing and maintenance.

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Ashley Dancy

Instructional Designer
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When you bridge the gap between the tech team and management everyone wins. Send them resources such as WEBAIM articles and other reference written in plain language. Do not inundate them in technical resources unless they request them. Answering questions in a thoughtful way can engender trust and buy-in. If training of managers is not effective ask questions so you can meet their learning needs. Do not underestimate simple learning tools. Rubrics and job aids are excellent for understanding as well as ideal for future reference once training is over. Concise and thoughtful organization of information will ensure that your guides are passed along to those who need them most!

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5 Consider the network implications of WCAG

WCAG is not only about web content design, but also about web content delivery and performance. Integrating WCAG into web content design can have significant implications for the computer network that hosts, transmits, and supports the web content. For example, WCAG can affect the bandwidth, latency, security, and scalability of the network. Therefore, you should consider the network implications of WCAG and how they can impact the quality and reliability of your web content. For example, you should optimize your web content for different network conditions and devices, use secure and encrypted protocols and certificates, and implement caching and load balancing strategies. By doing so, you can enhance the network efficiency and resilience of your web content, and provide a better user experience for all.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Ashley Dancy

Instructional Designer
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Testing is an important part of deploying accessible webpages. Whether you are using free tools such as the WAVE tool from WEBAIM or you have purchased a paid tool. Test your code while it is in sandbox and give yourself time to deploy the fixes. Accessibility is a constant not a race to the finish. If you are nimble and willing to update ineffective code then your designs and builds will reach the largest possible audience. When we design for everyone we all benefit. Common tools such as dark mode were originally built to help those with low vision. The next great idea could be yours if you innovate and collaborate with accessibility in mind.

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What are the best practices for integrating WCAG into web content design?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Understand the WCAG levels and versions

2 Apply the WCAG principles and guidelines

3 Use the WCAG techniques and tools

4 Involve users and stakeholders in the process

5 Consider the network implications of WCAG

6 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Networking

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What are the best practices for integrating WCAG into web content design?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Understand the WCAG levels and versions

2 Apply the WCAG principles and guidelines

3 Use the WCAG techniques and tools

4 Involve users and stakeholders in the process

5 Consider the network implications of WCAG

6 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Networking

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