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What are the best practices for implementing generic programming?

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Generic programming is a powerful technique that allows you to write reusable and adaptable code that can work with different types of data. However, it also comes with some challenges and pitfalls that you need to avoid or handle carefully. In this article, you will learn some of the best practices for implementing generic programming in your projects, such as:

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Dinc Utku Aydin

Software Engineer (Back-End) at Tyl by Natwest
Amir Mahfoozi

Staff Software Engineer

1 Use interfaces and contracts

One of the key benefits of generic programming is that it enables you to write code that is not tied to specific types, but rather to the properties and behaviors that those types share. To achieve this, you need to use interfaces and contracts that define the requirements and expectations of your generic code. Interfaces and contracts can be expressed in different ways, depending on the language and paradigm you are using, such as abstract classes, type parameters, type constraints, or type classes. By using interfaces and contracts, you can ensure that your generic code is consistent, flexible, and type-safe.

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2 Avoid unnecessary constraints

While interfaces and contracts are essential for generic programming, you should also avoid imposing unnecessary constraints on your generic code. Unnecessary constraints are those that limit the applicability and usability of your generic code without providing any benefit or guarantee. For example, you should not constrain your generic code to a specific type or subtype when you only need a more general interface or contract. Similarly, you should not constrain your generic code to a specific number or order of type parameters when you can use variadic or generic tuples instead. By avoiding unnecessary constraints, you can make your generic code more expressive and reusable.

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3 Favor composition over inheritance

Another best practice for generic programming is to favor composition over inheritance when designing your types and classes. Composition is the principle of combining simpler types and classes into more complex ones by using them as members or components. Inheritance is the principle of deriving new types and classes from existing ones by extending or overriding their properties and methods. Composition is usually preferred over inheritance for generic programming because it allows you to create more modular and decoupled types and classes that can be easily composed with other generic code. Inheritance, on the other hand, can create more rigid and coupled types and classes that can be harder to adapt and reuse with other generic code.

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Dinc Utku Aydin

Software Engineer (Back-End) at Tyl by Natwest
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I don't think inheritance and generics are mutually exclusive, or even difficult to combatibilise. As long as your child classes work with the same types, it's advantageous for them to inherit a parent where appropriate, reusing the same functionality. One example of this I commonly use at work is the SerializableDictionary, a child class of Dictionary in the C# generic collections library.

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4 Use generic algorithms and data structures

Another way to leverage the power of generic programming is to use generic algorithms and data structures in your code. Generic algorithms and data structures are those that can operate on different types of data without depending on their specific details. For example, you can use generic algorithms and data structures to sort, search, filter, map, reduce, or aggregate data, regardless of their type or representation. By using generic algorithms and data structures, you can avoid duplicating code, improve performance, and enhance readability and maintainability.

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Amir Mahfoozi

Staff Software Engineer
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Another way of achieving generic style of programming is putting every possible behavior of the program in a configuration file. Not only the primitive data types but also complicated action types that should happen against a given situation and even definition of different situations can be put in a configuration file and that configuration can be used as an input to a generic algorithm implementation. This will make the code reusable in future requirements with some wise provisioning in defining the configuration format.

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5 Test and document your generic code

Finally, one of the most important best practices for generic programming is to test and document your generic code thoroughly. Testing and documenting your generic code is crucial because it can help you verify its correctness, functionality, and compatibility with different types of data. Testing and documenting your generic code can also help you communicate its purpose, usage, and limitations to other developers and users. To test and document your generic code, you can use various tools and techniques, such as unit testing, integration testing, code coverage, code analysis, code comments, and documentation generators.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best practices for implementing generic programming?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Use interfaces and contracts

2 Avoid unnecessary constraints

3 Favor composition over inheritance

4 Use generic algorithms and data structures

5 Test and document your generic code

6 Here’s what else to consider

Programming

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What are the best practices for implementing generic programming?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Use interfaces and contracts

2 Avoid unnecessary constraints

3 Favor composition over inheritance

4 Use generic algorithms and data structures

5 Test and document your generic code

6 Here’s what else to consider

Programming

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