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What are the best practices for dynamic analysis of tall buildings?

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Dynamic analysis of tall buildings is a crucial step in structural engineering to ensure the safety and performance of high-rise structures under various loads and vibrations. However, there are many challenges and uncertainties involved in this process, such as the selection of appropriate models, methods, and parameters. In this article, you will learn about some of the best practices for dynamic analysis of tall buildings, based on the latest research and standards.

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José Luis Soriano Cacho

Structural Engineer | Ingeniero Civil Estructural | Supervisor | Proyectista | Designer | Investigador | Asesor |…

1 Modeling considerations

One of the first aspects to consider in dynamic analysis of tall buildings is how to model the structure and its components. Depending on the complexity and purpose of the analysis, you may need to use different levels of detail and simplifications. For example, you may use a lumped mass model to represent the building as a series of rigid masses connected by springs and dampers, or a finite element model to account for the stiffness and deformation of each element. You should also consider the effects of non-structural elements, such as cladding, partitions, and furniture, on the dynamic behavior of the building.

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2 Loading scenarios

Another important factor in dynamic analysis of tall buildings is the selection of loading scenarios that reflect the realistic and extreme conditions that the structure may face. These include wind loads, seismic loads, blast loads, and human-induced loads, such as crowd movement and machinery vibration. You should use appropriate methods and data to estimate the magnitude, frequency, and duration of these loads, as well as their spatial and temporal distribution. You should also consider the possibility of multiple and simultaneous loading events, and their interaction effects.

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José Luis Soriano Cacho

Structural Engineer | Ingeniero Civil Estructural | Supervisor | Proyectista | Designer | Investigador | Asesor | Manager | Consultor
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Adicional a esto, para el caso de dise?o sísmico debemos considerar la influencia en la amplificación de fuerzas y momentos debido a los modos de vibración mayores, esto se encuentra en función al número de pisos, asímismo debemos considerar el uso de outriggers para mejorar el desempe?o de la estructura. Y para el caso de dise?o por viento deberíamos realizar ensayos en tunel de viento y así calibrar mejor la respuesta final de la estructura pues en edificios altos el viento juega un papel importante.

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3 Analysis methods

Dynamic analysis of tall buildings can range from linear to nonlinear, and from static to dynamic, depending on the objectives and assumptions of the analysis, as well as the availability of computational resources and time. Modal analysis involves finding the natural frequencies and modes of vibration of the structure to evaluate its response under harmonic or periodic loads. Response spectrum analysis uses a predefined spectrum of ground motion or wind pressure to calculate the maximum response of the structure under seismic or wind loads. Time history analysis uses a recorded or simulated time series of ground motion or wind pressure to calculate the response at each time step under seismic or wind loads. Lastly, pushover analysis applies a gradually increasing lateral load to the structure until it reaches a predefined target displacement or failure criterion, which can be used to evaluate its nonlinear behavior and ductility under seismic loads.

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José Luis Soriano Cacho

Structural Engineer | Ingeniero Civil Estructural | Supervisor | Proyectista | Designer | Investigador | Asesor | Manager | Consultor
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Para el caso de edificios altos, el análisis más recomendado es el Tiempo historia, es el que más se adecua y representa el comportamiento más real de la edificación, este análisis combinado con un dise?o basado en desplazamientos podrían llegar a asegurar que la estructura pueda mantenerse en el rango operativo o funcionalidad continua cosas que no se presentan en un análisis prescriptivo como los dise?os basados en fuerzas indicados en la mayoría de normas, algo que en un futuro hará modificaciones a las normativas.

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4 Parameter selection

One of the challenges in dynamic analysis of tall buildings is the uncertainty and variability of some of the parameters that affect the dynamic response of the structure. These include the material properties, damping ratios, boundary conditions, soil-structure interaction, and initial conditions. You should use reasonable and conservative values for these parameters, based on empirical or analytical formulas, experimental data, or expert judgment. You should also perform sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of different parameter values on the results and conclusions.

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José Luis Soriano Cacho

Structural Engineer | Ingeniero Civil Estructural | Supervisor | Proyectista | Designer | Investigador | Asesor | Manager | Consultor
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Algo que he podido observar en investigaciones es la variabilidad del amortiguamiento para edificios altos, este tiende a disminuir en función al aumento de altura de la edificación, el impacto es similar para edificaciones de concreto armado como edificaciones de acero, este suele llegar a valores entre 3% y 2%, recordar asimismo la importancia del amortiguamiento para la atenuación de las fuerzas sísmicas y la incorporación a las normas de cada país. También considerar la influencia de la interacción suelo estructura en los cambios de periodos, este podría aumentar o disminuir y este tiene relación en la aceleración sísmica.

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5 Result interpretation

The final step in dynamic analysis of tall buildings is to interpret the results and compare them with the relevant criteria and standards. It's important to check the accuracy and validity of the results, as well as identify any potential errors or anomalies. Additionally, you should evaluate the performance and safety of the structure, determining if any design modifications or retrofitting measures are needed. When considering displacement, force, and acceleration, you should compare each measure with the allowable limits or serviceability criteria for excessive or irregular deformation, instability, or resonance. Similarly, you should compare force with strength or capacity criteria for cracking, yielding, or failure. Lastly, acceleration should be compared with human comfort or functionality criteria for vibration, noise, or damage.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Kaushal Pathak

Regional Head (Technical services) in Dalmia Bharat Cement, Structural designer ,LinkedIn ??Top Civil Engineering voice & Structural Engineering Voice??
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fundamental design for?tall buildings? In?tall building?design, the primary considerations are the effect of wind, seismic, and correspondent?lateral stability system?to resist wind or?seismic loading. Owing to the height of the tall buildings, wind-induced vibration becomes another critical design issue, which affects the occupants’ comfort level. Therefore, it also needs to be addressed in the design. Foundation design is also another major consideration. Except that, considerations on gravity loading and correspondent flooring system are also essential.

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José Luis Soriano Cacho

Structural Engineer | Ingeniero Civil Estructural | Supervisor | Proyectista | Designer | Investigador | Asesor | Manager | Consultor
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Una buena practica para el análisis y dise?o de edificios altos es la incorporación de sistemas de protección sísmica, como sistemas de masa sintonizada, amortiguadores y disipadores sísmicos, también se tienen otra opciones para mejorar el desempe?o estructural como los outriggers o un sistema Diagrid.

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What are the best practices for dynamic analysis of tall buildings?

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1 Modeling considerations

2 Loading scenarios

3 Analysis methods

4 Parameter selection

5 Result interpretation

6 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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What are the best practices for dynamic analysis of tall buildings?

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1 Modeling considerations

2 Loading scenarios

3 Analysis methods

4 Parameter selection

5 Result interpretation

6 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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