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What are the best practices for citing patents in different disciplines?

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Citing patents in research can be tricky, especially if you work in different disciplines or use different citation styles. Patents are a type of legal document that grant the inventor exclusive rights to use, make, or sell an invention. They also provide valuable information about the state of the art, the history of innovation, and the potential applications of new technologies. In this article, we will cover some best practices for citing patents in different disciplines, such as engineering, life sciences, and humanities.

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Karim S.

MS BME & RBE

1 Why cite patents?

Citing patents is important for several reasons. First, it shows respect for the intellectual property and the work of the inventors. Second, it helps your readers to locate the original source and verify the information you provide. Third, it adds credibility and authority to your arguments and claims. Fourth, it contributes to the advancement of knowledge and the recognition of innovation. Citing patents correctly can also help you avoid plagiarism and copyright infringement.

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Karim S.

MS BME & RBE
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The context for citing a patent here is unclear, but if it is in a research paper it is really arbitrary. Anytime a patent has been cited, it is usually the authors. Patents are a bit ridiculous depending on the industry, as the non obvious clause is always up for debate. There are patents in surgical robotics and instruments that the authors have no intention of exploring. If a researcher happens to stumble upon a similar idea in their research, implement it and try it, they are under no obligation or moral duty to cite the patent holder. As long as they don't try to make money off it.

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2 How to find patent information?

Before you can cite a patent, you need to find the relevant information about it. The most common elements you will need are the patent number, the inventor name(s), the assignee name (if any), the title of the invention, the country of origin, the date of issue, and the patent office or database where it was registered. You can find most of this information on the patent document itself, or by searching online databases such as Google Patents, Espacenet, or Patentscope. Some databases also provide links to other sources, such as journal articles, that cite the patent.

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Karim S.

MS BME & RBE
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While all these data bases are more user friendly, they lag behind the US patent office website for a time. It's unsure how long, but I know it took quite some time for mine to show up in google patents but I could find it on the us patents website.

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3 How to cite patents in engineering?

Engineering is a diverse field of study with many disciplines, such as mechanical, electrical, chemical, civil, and biomedical engineering. Depending on your area of study, you may use various citation styles, such as IEEE, ASME, or APA. Generally, engineering citation styles have a similar format for citing patents. This usually includes the inventor name(s), patent number, date of issue, title of invention and patent office or database. For example, using the IEEE style the patent citation would look like this: R. A. Fillion et al., U.S. Patent 6 789 012, 2004-01-20. Method and system for creating dynamic web pages. [Online]. Available: Google Patents.

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Karim S.

MS BME & RBE
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Again, this depends on the style for your research paper. You will almost cite no patent outside of what you may need to disclose as part of an agreement to use it. More commonly, you will see this with computer code.

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4 How to cite patents in life sciences?

Life sciences include disciplines such as biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, medicine, and pharmacy. The most common citation style for life sciences is the CSE (Council of Science Editors) style, which has three variations: name-year, citation-sequence, and citation-name. The name-year system uses the inventor name and the year of issue as the in-text citation, and lists the references alphabetically at the end of the paper. The citation-sequence system uses numbers as the in-text citation, and lists the references in the order they appear in the paper. The citation-name system also uses numbers as the in-text citation, but lists the references alphabetically at the end of the paper.

The format for citing patents in CSE style is similar to the engineering format, except that it uses periods instead of commas to separate the elements, and it does not use brackets for the patent office or database. For example, using the name-year system, a patent citation would look like this:

Fillion RA, Stone JA, Guttman SI, Korch C. 2004. Method and system for creating dynamic web pages. U.S. Patent 6 789 012. Google Patents.

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5 How to cite patents in humanities?

Humanities is an umbrella term for disciplines such as history, literature, philosophy, and art. When citing patents in humanities, MLA (Modern Language Association) style is commonly used. This style requires the author name and page number as the in-text citation, and a list of references at the end of the paper. The format for citing patents in MLA style includes inventor name(s), title of invention, patent number, patent office or database, and date of issue. For example, a patent cited using MLA style would look like this: Fillion, Robert A., et al. "Method and System for Creating Dynamic Web Pages." U.S. Patent 6 789 012. Google Patents, 20 Jan. 2004.

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What are the best practices for citing patents in different disciplines?

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5

1 Why cite patents?

2 How to find patent information?

3 How to cite patents in engineering?

4 How to cite patents in life sciences?

5 How to cite patents in humanities?

Research

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What are the best practices for citing patents in different disciplines?

1

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3

4

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1 Why cite patents?

2 How to find patent information?

3 How to cite patents in engineering?

4 How to cite patents in life sciences?

5 How to cite patents in humanities?

Research

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