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What are the best practices for calibrating marine depth sounders?

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Calibrating marine depth sounders is an essential task for any marine engineer who wants to ensure accurate readings and avoid costly errors. Depth sounders are devices that use sound waves to measure the distance between the vessel and the sea floor, and they can be affected by various factors such as water temperature, salinity, pressure, and interference. In this article, you will learn the best practices for calibrating marine depth sounders, including how to choose the right type, location, and frequency of calibration, how to perform the calibration process, and how to verify and document the results.

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Cmdr (Dr.?) Reji Kurien Thomas , FRSA, MLE?

I Empower Sectors as a Global Tech & Business Transformation Leader| Stephen Hawking Award| Harvard Leader | UK House…

1 Types of depth sounders

There are two main types of depth sounders: single beam and multibeam. Single beam depth sounders emit a single pulse of sound and measure the time it takes to bounce back from the bottom. They are simple, inexpensive, and suitable for shallow waters. Multibeam depth sounders emit multiple pulses of sound in a fan-shaped pattern and measure the time and angle of each return. They are more complex, expensive, and suitable for deep waters and mapping the sea floor. Depending on the type of depth sounder you have, you will need different calibration methods and equipment.

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2 Location of calibration

The location of calibration is important because it affects the quality and accuracy of the depth sounder readings. Ideally, you should calibrate your depth sounder in a calm, clear, and deep water area, away from any sources of noise or interference. You should also avoid areas with strong currents, tides, or waves, as they can distort the sound signals. If possible, you should also choose a location that has a known depth or a reference point, such as a buoy, a pier, or a chart datum. This will help you compare and verify your depth sounder readings with the actual depth.

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Atul S.

IIM Lucknow | Project Manager at HSBC | Business Transformation | Stakeholder Management | BFSI | Maritime Ports and Logistics
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Best location of checking and calibration is to check at Ports preferred at berth where there is most accurate depth data is available. But keep in mind that while using hand lead line for sounding the depth beware and learned about ships Draft, list and trim . Use near points as in line with echo sounders , fwd points must be close to fwd transmitter. Most suggested thing is make your ship even keel and calibration must be done only in presence of Surveyor by Competent shore based personal/ technician , as each calibration required a written authorization by certification approved by Class

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3 Frequency of calibration

The frequency of calibration depends on several factors, such as the type and usage of the depth sounder, the environmental conditions, and the manufacturer's recommendations. Generally, you should calibrate your depth sounder at least once a year, or more often if you notice any changes or discrepancies in the readings. You should also calibrate your depth sounder whenever you install, repair, replace, or move it, or when you change the vessel's draft or trim. Additionally, you should calibrate your depth sounder before and after any critical operations, such as navigation, surveying, or dredging.

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Atul S.

IIM Lucknow | Project Manager at HSBC | Business Transformation | Stakeholder Management | BFSI | Maritime Ports and Logistics
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Frequency of calibration is as - 1. Annual surveys 2. Requirements of Flag / Class 3. As per maker recommendations 4. On any modification/ Change or repair in device units 5. On system update or software data 6. On change of frequent density of waters -salt water or dockwater auto adaptability is not present in device 7. Prior and post critical operations where depth is the critical value and requires utmost attention

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4 Calibration process

The calibration process for depth sounders involves adjusting settings and parameters to match the actual depth and water conditions. This may vary depending on the type and model of the depth sounder, but typically includes setting up calibration equipment, connecting the depth sounder to the equipment, measuring water temperature, salinity, pressure, and sound velocity, entering these properties into the depth sounder settings, measuring depth with a bar check device, comparing the depth sounder reading with the bar check reading and adjusting offset or gain settings accordingly, performing a patch test to compare readings with a known reference surface and adjusting pitch, roll, yaw or latency settings until they align. The calibration process should be repeated until the depth sounder readings are consistent and accurate.

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5 Verification and documentation

Verifying and documenting the calibration results of a depth sounder are essential for ensuring reliable and valid readings. To do this, you should test the depth sounder in various depths, locations, and conditions, and compare the readings with reference points or charts. Additionally, you should check the quality and consistency of the signals and images, as well as review the calibration settings and parameters. Furthermore, it is important to document the calibration results, including date, time, location, equipment, settings, parameters, readings, and any issues or observations. Lastly, store the records in a secure and accessible place and update them whenever you conduct a new calibration. In conclusion, following proper practices for calibrating marine depth sounders can improve performance and efficiency of your depth sounder while enhancing safety and quality of marine operations.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Cmdr (Dr.?) Reji Kurien Thomas , FRSA, MLE?

I Empower Sectors as a Global Tech & Business Transformation Leader| Stephen Hawking Award| Harvard Leader | UK House of Lord's Awardee | Fellow Royal Society | CyberSec I 200x LinkedIn Top Voice | CCISO CISM
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In my 30+ years in marine technology, calibrating depth sounders has been a critical task. Here are some best practices, illustrated with personal experiences:- Regular Calibration Checks - On a research vessel, we scheduled monthly calibrations of our depth sounder. This routine ensured accuracy, especially important in uncharted waters. Use of Known Depths - We often calibrated sounders by anchoring in locations with known depths, cross-referencing with nautical charts. Temperature Compensation - In the tropics, I observed significant depth reading variations due to temperature changes. Implementing temperature compensation in the sounder's settings rectified this issue.

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What are the best practices for calibrating marine depth sounders?

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1 Types of depth sounders

2 Location of calibration

3 Frequency of calibration

4 Calibration process

5 Verification and documentation

6 Here’s what else to consider

Marine Engineering

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What are the best practices for calibrating marine depth sounders?

1

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5

6

1 Types of depth sounders

2 Location of calibration

3 Frequency of calibration

4 Calibration process

5 Verification and documentation

6 Here’s what else to consider

Marine Engineering

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