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What are the best practices for Agile application architecture to support rapid iteration?

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Agile application development is a popular approach to deliver software products that meet changing customer needs and expectations. However, to succeed in Agile, you need to design an application architecture that supports rapid iteration, testing, and deployment. In this article, we will discuss some of the best practices for Agile application architecture that can help you achieve these goals.

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Saharsh Sinha

Software Architect | Product Owner | Full Stack @ Intel Corporation

1 Define clear boundaries

One of the key principles of Agile application architecture is to define clear boundaries between different components or modules of your system. This helps you isolate changes, reduce dependencies, and enable parallel development and testing. You can use various techniques to achieve this, such as domain-driven design, microservices, or hexagonal architecture. By defining clear boundaries, you can also facilitate communication and collaboration among different teams and stakeholders.

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2 Embrace evolutionary design

Another important principle of Agile application architecture is to embrace evolutionary design, which means that you do not try to plan and design everything upfront, but rather adapt and improve your architecture as you learn from feedback and new requirements. This allows you to avoid over-engineering, premature optimization, and unnecessary complexity. You can use practices such as refactoring, continuous integration, and continuous delivery to support evolutionary design and ensure that your architecture remains maintainable and scalable.

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3 Apply design patterns and principles

A third principle of Agile application architecture is to apply design patterns and principles that can help you solve common problems and achieve quality attributes such as performance, security, reliability, and usability. For example, you can use patterns such as MVC, observer, or decorator to separate concerns, promote reusability, and enhance extensibility. You can also use principles such as SOLID, DRY, or YAGNI to guide your design decisions and avoid code smells and anti-patterns.

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Saharsh Sinha

Software Architect | Product Owner | Full Stack @ Intel Corporation
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When writing mission critical software using object oriented programming languages, SOLID design principles serve as a reliable basis for making design decisions that result in an agile architecture. Originally promoted by Uncle Bob, who also happens to be one of the authors of the Agile manifesto, SOLID principles are geared towards making the application architecture highly modular and unit testable, with special emphasis on making sure that enhancements for new business requirements can be incorporated without needing to modify existing pieces of tested and matured business logic in the application code. Due to high modularity and testability, SOLID principles also limit the change/testing scope when a fix is needed in existing logic.

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4 Use appropriate tools and technologies

A fourth principle of Agile application architecture is to use appropriate tools and technologies that can support your development process and architecture goals. For example, you can use frameworks and libraries that provide useful features and abstractions for your domain and platform, such as Spring Boot, React, or Angular. You can also use tools and technologies that enable automation, collaboration, and monitoring, such as Git, Jenkins, or Prometheus.

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Saharsh Sinha

Software Architect | Product Owner | Full Stack @ Intel Corporation
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IoC containers are a big help when it comes to Dependency Injection (DI). DI is one of those techniques that reduce coupling between modules, and inadvertently makes the software more agile. Manual DI doesn't scale well with large code bases, so it's advisable to use an appropriate IoC container, such as Autofac, for example. In addition to DI, most containers come with a whole set of features that help produce well engineered applications in a shorter amount of time.

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5 Test and document your architecture

A fifth principle of Agile application architecture is to test and document your architecture to ensure that it meets the functional and non-functional requirements and follows the best practices. You can use various types of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, or performance testing, to verify your code quality and functionality. You can also use tools and techniques such as code reviews, code analysis, or code coverage to measure and improve your code quality. Additionally, you can use documentation tools and methods such as UML diagrams, architecture decision records, or README files to communicate and document your architecture decisions and design.

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6 Learn and improve continuously

A sixth and final principle of Agile application architecture is to learn and improve continuously, which means that you do not settle for a fixed or perfect architecture, but rather seek feedback, measure results, and apply lessons learned. You can use practices such as retrospectives, demos, or user testing to collect and analyze feedback from various sources, such as customers, users, or peers. You can also use metrics and indicators such as technical debt, code quality, or customer satisfaction to evaluate and improve your architecture performance and value.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Saharsh Sinha

Software Architect | Product Owner | Full Stack @ Intel Corporation
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One of the definitions of architecture is that "Architecture is stuff that's hard to change", i.e., the rigid parts of the application. This 'rigidity' definition is opposite to the agility of architecture discussed in this article. One way to mitigate, or at least reduce the rigidity of architecture is to implement the architectural 'stuff' behind abstractions, such as an Interface or an abstract class. This would make the 'branch by abstraction' method a possibility in the future, thereby making that otherwise rigid part of the application just a little more agile and easier to change.

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What are the best practices for Agile application architecture to support rapid iteration?

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1 Define clear boundaries

2 Embrace evolutionary design

3 Apply design patterns and principles

4 Use appropriate tools and technologies

5 Test and document your architecture

6 Learn and improve continuously

7 Here’s what else to consider

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