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What are the best methods for ensuring astronaut safety during a space mission?

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Space missions are complex and challenging endeavors that require careful planning, design, and execution to ensure the safety of the astronauts involved. Systems engineering is a discipline that applies a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to manage the technical, operational, and organizational aspects of a space mission. In this article, you will learn about some of the best methods for ensuring astronaut safety during a space mission, based on the principles and practices of systems engineering.

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Jerzy Achimowicz

prof of biology and neurophysiology at Academy of Economics and Humanities AEH

1 Mission objectives and requirements

The first step in ensuring astronaut safety is to define the mission objectives and requirements, which provide the basis for the design and analysis of the space system. The objectives and requirements should address the purpose, scope, duration, destination, and payload of the mission, as well as the expected risks, hazards, and constraints. The objectives and requirements should also specify the performance, reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety criteria that the space system must meet or exceed.

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Jerzy Achimowicz

prof of biology and neurophysiology at Academy of Economics and Humanities AEH
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The other action we can take to improve the safetry of astronauts , behind cleve pmonitoring of psychophysiological monitoring of sleep and daily activities as reflected in EEG i.e. brain activity it to apply proper selfcontrol techniques. The simplest one is the autogenic training according to Schultz, Then AFTE by NASA i.e. Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise which can be used as the very effective psychorelaxation technique.

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2 System architecture and design

The next step is to develop the system architecture and design, which describe the structure, behavior, and interfaces of the space system and its components. The system architecture and design should reflect the mission objectives and requirements, as well as the best practices and standards for space systems engineering. The system architecture and design should also consider the trade-offs between different alternatives, such as mass, power, cost, complexity, and redundancy. The system architecture and design should be evaluated and verified using various methods, such as modeling, simulation, testing, and review.

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Jerzy Achimowicz

prof of biology and neurophysiology at Academy of Economics and Humanities AEH
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The author in analogy to classical sleep staging analysis resulting in the chart called "hypnogram" proposes to implement a wake cycle staging analysys and generate the analogous charts he called :wakograms" to monitor the psycho-physiological status of astronauts in long term space exploration missions like Mars expedition. Life Sciences as Related to Space (F) Human De-conditioning and Counter-measures: Research Update from Spaceflight and Analog Environments (F5.4) ON THE NEW TELEMEDICAL APPROACH TO PILOT/ASTRONAUT PSY- PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS MONITORING AND BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING IMPACT ON FLIGHT SAFETY IN MARS MANNED MISSION

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3 System integration and operation

The third step is to integrate and operate the space system, which involves the coordination and management of the hardware, software, data, and human elements of the space system. The system integration and operation should ensure that the space system functions as intended, meets the mission objectives and requirements, and complies with the relevant regulations and policies. The system integration and operation should also monitor and control the space system during all phases of the mission, such as launch, orbit, transit, landing, exploration, and return.

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4 System assurance and risk management

The fourth step is to implement the system assurance and risk management, which aim to prevent, mitigate, or respond to any potential failures, errors, or accidents that may affect the space system or the astronauts. The system assurance and risk management should include the identification, analysis, evaluation, and treatment of the risks and hazards associated with the space system and the mission environment. The system assurance and risk management should also establish the contingency plans, emergency procedures, and recovery actions in case of any undesired events or situations.

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5 System validation and verification

The fifth step is to conduct the system validation and verification, which check whether the space system satisfies the mission objectives and requirements, and whether it conforms to the system architecture and design. The system validation and verification should use various methods, such as inspection, measurement, observation, demonstration, and experimentation. The system validation and verification should also collect and analyze the data and feedback from the space system and the astronauts, and use them to improve the system performance, reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety.

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6 System evolution and disposal

The final step is to manage the system evolution and disposal, which deal with the changes and updates of the space system over time, and the end-of-life of the space system. The system evolution and disposal should consider the impacts and implications of the changes and updates on the space system and the mission objectives and requirements. The system evolution and disposal should also plan and execute the safe and ethical disposal of the space system, such as deorbiting, reentry, or burial, to avoid creating any space debris or environmental damage.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best methods for ensuring astronaut safety during a space mission?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Mission objectives and requirements

2 System architecture and design

3 System integration and operation

4 System assurance and risk management

5 System validation and verification

6 System evolution and disposal

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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What are the best methods for ensuring astronaut safety during a space mission?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Mission objectives and requirements

2 System architecture and design

3 System integration and operation

4 System assurance and risk management

5 System validation and verification

6 System evolution and disposal

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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