What are the benefits and limitations of different emotional intelligence frameworks?

1 The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso model

This model, developed by psychologists John Mayer, Peter Salovey, and David Caruso, defines EI as a cognitive ability that involves four skills: perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions. The model proposes that these skills can be measured by a standardized test called the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), which assesses how well you can perform various emotional tasks. The benefit of this model is that it provides a scientific and objective way to measure EI as a mental ability, similar to IQ. The limitation of this model is that it does not capture the motivational, behavioral, or social aspects of EI, such as how you apply your emotional skills in real-life situations.

2 The Goleman model

This model, popularized by psychologist and author Daniel Goleman, defines EI as a set of competencies that enable you to achieve personal and professional success. The model identifies five domains of EI: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The model suggests that these competencies can be measured by a self-report or a 360-degree feedback tool called the Emotional and Social Competence Inventory (ESCI), which evaluates how you demonstrate your EI in the workplace. The benefit of this model is that it links EI to performance and outcomes, and provides a practical framework for developing your EI through learning and practice. The limitation of this model is that it relies on subjective and contextual judgments of EI, which may vary depending on the situation and the raters.

3 The Bar-On model

This model, created by psychologist Reuven Bar-On, defines EI as a combination of emotional and social skills that influence your ability to cope with environmental demands and pressures. The model identifies 15 components of EI, such as emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, stress tolerance, problem-solving, and happiness. The model proposes that these components can be measured by a self-report questionnaire called the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), which rates how often you display each component. The benefit of this model is that it covers a wide range of emotional and social aspects that affect your well-being and adaptation. The limitation of this model is that it does not distinguish between the causes and effects of EI, or between the innate and learned aspects of EI.

4 The Six Seconds model

This model, developed by the Six Seconds organization, defines EI as a process that helps you connect your feelings and thoughts to make optimal decisions. The model outlines three steps of EI: know yourself, choose yourself, and give yourself. The model also identifies eight competencies of EI, such as emotional literacy, consequential thinking, intrinsic motivation, and empathy. The model suggests that these competencies can be measured by a self-report or a 360-degree feedback tool called the Six Seconds Emotional Intelligence Assessment (SEI), which evaluates how you use your EI to pursue your goals and values. The benefit of this model is that it focuses on the purpose and application of EI, and provides a simple and actionable framework for improving your EI through reflection and practice. The limitation of this model is that it does not account for the complexity and diversity of emotional experiences, or for the cultural and situational factors that influence EI.

5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?