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What are the benefits and drawbacks of using bridge pattern for cross-platform compatibility?

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If you are developing software that needs to run on different platforms, such as Windows, Linux, or iOS, you might face some challenges in designing your code. How can you avoid duplicating or rewriting your logic for each platform-specific implementation? How can you decouple your abstraction from your implementation and make your code more flexible and maintainable? One possible solution is to use the bridge pattern, a common object-oriented design technique that separates an interface from its implementation. In this article, you will learn what the bridge pattern is, how it works, and what are the benefits and drawbacks of using it for cross-platform compatibility.

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1 Bridge pattern basics

The bridge pattern is a structural design pattern that splits a large class or a set of closely related classes into two separate hierarchies: abstraction and implementation. The abstraction defines the high-level interface for the functionality, while the implementation provides the concrete details for different platforms or variants. The abstraction and the implementation are connected by a bridge, which is usually an interface or an abstract class that delegates the calls from the abstraction to the implementation. This way, the abstraction and the implementation can vary independently without affecting each other.

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2 Bridge pattern benefits

The bridge pattern has several benefits for cross-platform compatibility. First, it reduces code duplication and complexity by separating the platform-specific code from the platform-independent code. You only need to write one abstraction class and multiple implementation classes for each platform, instead of having multiple subclasses for each platform and functionality combination. Second, it improves extensibility and modularity by allowing you to add new abstractions and implementations without modifying the existing code. You can easily introduce new platforms or variants by creating new implementation classes and linking them to the abstraction. Third, it enhances testability and maintainability by isolating the platform-specific code from the rest of the code. You can test and debug each implementation class separately and swap them easily at run time.

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3 Bridge pattern drawbacks

The bridge pattern also has some drawbacks for cross-platform compatibility. First, it increases the number of classes and objects in your system, which might make your code more difficult to understand and manage. You need to create an abstraction class, a bridge interface or abstract class, and several implementation classes for each functionality and platform. Second, it introduces an extra level of indirection and delegation, which might affect the performance and efficiency of your code. You need to make multiple calls from the abstraction to the bridge to the implementation, which might incur some overhead or latency. Third, it requires careful planning and design to identify the right abstraction and implementation for your problem domain. You need to balance the trade-off between flexibility and simplicity, and avoid creating too many or too few abstractions and implementations.

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Ian Moores

Principal Azure Architect @ Nimbus | Microsoft Azure, Enterprise Solution Design
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Although these are technically drawbacks of the pattern, in terms of cross-platform compatibility and reducing the need to rework core code, which in turn has it's own drawbacks, you could say that this pattern was almost invented for cross-platform or cross-cloud implementations, despite it being invented before cloud was ever a thing.

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4 Bridge pattern example

To demonstrate how the bridge pattern works for cross-platform compatibility, let's look at a simple example. Suppose you are developing a drawing application that needs to run on both Windows and Linux, and you want to offer different shapes and colors for your drawings. You could use the bridge pattern to separate the shape abstraction from the color implementation, as seen in the diagram. Shape is the abstraction class that defines the interface for drawing shapes, while Color is the bridge interface that connects the abstraction to its implementation. Subclasses of Shape such as Circle, Square, and Triangle implement the draw() method for different shapes. WindowsColor and LinuxColor are subclasses of Color that implement the applyColor() method for different platforms. The Shape class has a reference to a Color object which is set by the setColor() method. When draw() is called, it calls the applyColor() method on the color object to apply color to the shape. This way you can create various combinations of shapes and colors for different platforms without changing Shape or creating multiple subclasses.

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Paulo Z?mek

Software Engineer - I used talk to computers and they understood me even without AI, we just spoke the same language... now that they got smarter we are so in-sync that sometimes it feels we talk to each-other mentally!
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Not sure if my computer is bugged or what, but in this paragraph I see "as seen in the diagram" but I don't see any diagram in this entire article.

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5 Bridge pattern vs composite pattern

You might wonder how the bridge pattern differs from another structural design pattern, the composite pattern. The composite pattern is used to compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies, where each object can be treated uniformly. The composite pattern is useful for creating complex objects from simpler ones, such as a file system or a GUI. The bridge pattern, on the other hand, is used to separate an interface from its implementation, where each hierarchy can be varied independently. The bridge pattern is useful for creating flexible and adaptable objects that can work with different platforms or variants, such as a drawing application or a device driver. The composite pattern and the bridge pattern can be combined to create more complex and versatile systems, such as a GUI that can run on different platforms and support different widgets.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the benefits and drawbacks of using bridge pattern for cross-platform compatibility?

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1 Bridge pattern basics

2 Bridge pattern benefits

3 Bridge pattern drawbacks

4 Bridge pattern example

5 Bridge pattern vs composite pattern

6 Here’s what else to consider

Object Oriented Design

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