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What are the benefits and challenges of using backward design for curriculum development?

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Curriculum design and alignment models are essential for effective teaching and learning in higher education. They help faculty plan and deliver courses that align with the intended learning outcomes, assessment methods, and instructional strategies. One of the most popular and widely used models is backward design, which involves starting with the end in mind and working backward to design the course components. In this article, we will explore the benefits and challenges of using backward design for curriculum development, and provide some tips and examples for applying it in practice.

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Dani Babb, PhD ??

Founder @ Babb Education | Instructional Design Company, Author, Professor

1 Backward design basics

Backward design is a three-step process that involves identifying the desired results, determining the acceptable evidence, and planning the learning experiences and instruction. The idea is to focus on what students should know, do, and understand by the end of the course, and then align the assessment and instruction accordingly. Backward design helps faculty avoid the common pitfalls of covering too much content, teaching to the test, or using mismatched methods.

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Dani Babb, PhD ??

Founder @ Babb Education | Instructional Design Company, Author, Professor
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Backward design does not always take into consideration where the students are, or allow us as instructors to meet them where they are. While it’s a method we generally follow at Babb Education for instructional design, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution.

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Kelly B. Hales

CEO, Spartan Pointe Services. Guaranteeing every customer’s satisfaction.
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From my experience, the backward design process promotes a more intentional approach to course design, yielding better results with students retaining knowledge and skills from the lesson. Rather than simply selecting a textbook or a list of topics to cover, the backward design process starts by identifying what students are to learn and be able to do by the end of the course. This can help ensure that the course is aligned with the overall goals of the program or department, and that the learning outcomes are clearly communicated to students.

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Michelle Ramos-Martinez

Leading people forward with integrity, commitment and compassion.
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One thing I have found is that this design model doesn't just work for curriculum drvelopment gir dtudents but can be implemented into so many other things, including PD, staff meetings and personal health development. Such a a great model to use in many aspects of life.

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2 Benefits of backward design

Backward design for curriculum development can offer numerous advantages to faculty and students. Alignment and coherence between course elements are improved, providing a higher quality and valid curriculum. Clarity and transparency of learning goals and expectations are also enhanced, improving communication and feedback between faculty and students. Additionally, backward design encourages student-centered and active learning, motivating students to achieve greater understanding of the material. Furthermore, faculty have the opportunity to design creative and innovative learning experiences and assessments that meet the learning outcomes.

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Dani Babb, PhD ??

Founder @ Babb Education | Instructional Design Company, Author, Professor
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The process of backward design can certainly help ensure that course and program outcomes, as well as the outcomes of individual assessments are in alignment. I like to use a course table or a special rubric to do this to ensure that the institution does not run into any issues during compliance.

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Kelly B. Hales

CEO, Spartan Pointe Services. Guaranteeing every customer’s satisfaction.
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In my experience working with teachers who planned their lessons with the backward design approach, the students and their parents were less stressed about state tests and other assessments throughout the year. In these instances, the students, parents, and even I as an administrator were aware of what to expect from the teacher, including what would be taught and when, within reason. The teachers admitted that it was a lot to do at the beginning of the year, but that it made the rest of the school go so much better.

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3 Challenges of backward design

Despite its advantages, backward design can be challenging for faculty who want to use it for curriculum development. It requires time, effort, and collaboration, as faculty need to analyze and prioritize learning outcomes, design and align assessment and instruction, and review and revise the curriculum regularly. Furthermore, faculty need to coordinate with colleagues, peers, and experts to ensure the alignment and consistency of the curriculum across courses, programs, and disciplines. Additionally, faculty must be flexible and adaptable when adjusting and modifying the curriculum based on feedback, data, and changes in the context and environment.

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Dani Babb, PhD ??

Founder @ Babb Education | Instructional Design Company, Author, Professor
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It’s vital to have coordination between the instructional designer, if there is one, and the Faculty expert. It’s also important to identify what constitutes an objective.

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4 Tips for using backward design

To maximize the benefits of backward design and overcome its challenges, faculty can follow some tips and best practices in their curriculum development. For example, they can use a template or framework such as the Understanding by Design (UbD) model to guide the process. Additionally, they can use sources such as Bloom's taxonomy and Fink's taxonomy, or criteria such as SMART, to identify and formulate learning outcomes. Lastly, they can use tools such as rubrics and portfolios, or strategies like the flipped classroom, to design and align assessment and instruction that measure and support student learning.

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Dani Babb, PhD ??

Founder @ Babb Education | Instructional Design Company, Author, Professor
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About Babb Education, we primarily use Blooms and Fink. Some of our faculty experts have said that the methods are at odds with each another, but we actually find that they work quite well in tandem.

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5 Examples of backward design

Backward design is a useful approach to curriculum development, and can be seen in action in courses such as academic writing, environmental science, and intercultural communication. In each of these courses, the learning outcomes, such as writing clear essays or developing intercultural competence, are aligned with assessment methods like peer review or simulations, and instructional strategies like scaffolding or experiential learning. Through backward design, these courses can ensure that the learning objectives are met in an effective and efficient manner.

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Dani Babb, PhD ??

Founder @ Babb Education | Instructional Design Company, Author, Professor
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We have worked with many clients using the backward design model. It’s nice that the overview of the course is essentially filled in at the beginning, almost like an outline when writing a paper. That allows the faculty to go back and add the content that they feel is most appropriate.

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What are the benefits and challenges of using backward design for curriculum development?

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1 Backward design basics

2 Benefits of backward design

3 Challenges of backward design

4 Tips for using backward design

5 Examples of backward design

Faculty Development

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