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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an interpreted language?

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Interpreted languages are a type of programming languages that do not require compilation before execution. Instead, they rely on an interpreter, a program that reads and executes the source code line by line. Examples of interpreted languages include Python, Ruby, JavaScript, and PHP. In this article, you will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of using an interpreted language for software engineering.

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1 Easy to learn and use

One of the main benefits of interpreted languages is that they are easy to learn and use. They often have a simple and expressive syntax, which makes them readable and concise. They also have dynamic typing, which means that you do not have to declare the data types of variables or parameters. This can save you time and reduce errors. Moreover, interpreted languages usually have a large and rich set of libraries and frameworks that you can use to develop various applications quickly and efficiently.

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2 Portable and cross-platform

Another advantage of interpreted languages is that they are portable and cross-platform. This means that you can run the same code on different operating systems and hardware platforms without any modification or recompilation. This can make your software more compatible and accessible to a wider range of users and devices. Furthermore, interpreted languages often support multiple paradigms, such as object-oriented, functional, or procedural programming. This can give you more flexibility and choice in how you design and implement your software.

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3 Slow and resource-intensive

However, interpreted languages also have some drawbacks. One of the main disadvantages is that they are slow and resource-intensive. This is because the interpreter has to read, analyze, and execute the source code every time it runs, which adds an extra layer of overhead and complexity. This can affect the performance and scalability of your software, especially for computationally intensive or time-sensitive tasks. Moreover, interpreted languages consume more memory and CPU power than compiled languages, which can limit your software's efficiency and reliability.

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Samuel Ingerslew

The learning never ends
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Not necessarily, there are exceptions. Some interpreted languages also have Ahead-Of-Time Compilation (AOT), such as C# and Java, which takes a representation of your code and compiles it to native instructions. Like a compiled language. There are also JIT's (just-in-time compilers) which are a medium between AOT and interpreting. They add overhead, but JIT's can dynamically compile the busiest blocks of code to optimize them on the fly. As the dynamics of the program change, they can re-compile to make further adjustments. Besides being fascinating, JIT compilers are fast. Notably LuaJIT, which can get within striking of distance of C++ in some benchmarks. But you might be more familiar with javascript's V8 engine (which has 2 JIT's)

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4 Less secure and debuggable

Another disadvantage of interpreted languages is that they are less secure and debuggable. This is because the source code is exposed and vulnerable to modification or attack by malicious users or hackers. This can compromise the integrity and confidentiality of your software and data. Moreover, interpreted languages often lack the tools and features that can help you debug and test your code, such as type checking, error handling, or debugging symbols. This can make it harder to find and fix bugs and errors in your software.

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Samuel Ingerslew

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If your interpreted application requires being run standalone on someone else's computer, then yes you have no confidentiality. However, a lot of interpreted languages are used in web development where content is served over HTTP - the user never sees the code. For a malicious user to exploit the plaintext of your server-side NodeJS API, they would have to get access to the server it's hosted on. And at that point they can do way more damage than modifying some javascript would allow.

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5 Trade-offs and considerations

When it comes to software engineering, interpreted languages have both pros and cons. Therefore, it's essential to consider the trade-offs and the requirements of your project before making a choice. You should take into account factors such as the complexity and size of your project, the speed and performance of your software, its security and privacy, the portability and compatibility of your software, the availability and quality of libraries and frameworks, as well as the learning curve and preference of your team. By evaluating these factors, you can decide whether an interpreted language is suitable for your software engineering project or not.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an interpreted language?

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1 Easy to learn and use

2 Portable and cross-platform

3 Slow and resource-intensive

4 Less secure and debuggable

5 Trade-offs and considerations

6 Here’s what else to consider

Software Engineering

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