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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using different shell script process logging tools or methods?

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Shell scripting is a powerful and versatile way to automate tasks, manipulate data, and interact with other programs in Linux and Unix systems. However, shell scripts can also be complex, error-prone, and hard to debug or monitor. That's why it's important to use proper process logging tools or methods to keep track of what your script is doing, how it is performing, and what problems it may encounter. In this article, we will explore some of the advantages and disadvantages of using different shell script process logging tools or methods, such as:

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1 Echo commands

One of the simplest and most common ways to log shell script processes is to use the echo command to print messages to the standard output or a file. This can help you see the flow of your script, the values of variables, and the results of commands. However, echo commands can also clutter your code, slow down your script, and interfere with the output of other programs. You also need to manually add and remove echo commands as you develop and test your script, which can be tedious and error-prone.

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Saurabh Kolte

Lead Software Engineer at HERE Technologies
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Usually used it for: - logging - posting the "state" of the script as to how much or what step of the script has started or completed which is helpful in logging - logging the time of state and completion time of the script - using it in variables to capture the output of a command

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2 Set options

Another way to log shell script processes is to use the set command with certain options that affect how the shell behaves and displays information. For example, you can use set -x to enable tracing, which shows each command and its arguments as they are executed. You can also use set -e to exit the script immediately if a command fails, or set -u to treat unset variables as errors. These options can help you debug your script, catch errors, and enforce good practices. However, they can also make your script less flexible, more verbose, and harder to read. You also need to be careful about where and how you use these options, as they can affect the entire script or only parts of it.

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Jess Duffey, EMBA

Experienced Systems Design Engineer at T-Mobile | Expert in NOC Optimization, Cost Reduction, and Team Leadership | MBA Graduate | Six Sigma & ITIL Certified | Skilled in Data Analysis, Scripting, and Process Improvement
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Simple debugging of a line, this would be great. If testing an entire script, something like bash -x would be better. Then you don’t have to worry about removing the set, just go back to using the script as intended when the issue is resolved.

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3 Tee command

Another way to log shell script processes is to use the tee command, which reads from the standard input and writes to both the standard output and a file. This can help you capture the output of your script or a command without losing it on the screen. You can also use tee with the -a option to append to an existing file instead of overwriting it. However, tee command can also introduce some overhead, complexity, and potential errors. You need to make sure you have write permissions for the file, handle the file name and location, and deal with any conflicts or concurrency issues.

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4 Logger command

Another way to log shell script processes is to use the logger command, which sends messages to the system log daemon, which in turn writes them to the appropriate log files. This can help you integrate your script with the system logging infrastructure, use standard tools to view and analyze the logs, and follow the system log rotation and retention policies. However, logger command can also have some drawbacks, such as requiring root privileges or configuration changes, depending on the system. You also need to be aware of the format, level, and priority of the messages, and how they may affect the system log files and performance.

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5 Custom functions

Another way to log shell script processes is to use custom functions that encapsulate your own logging logic and preferences. This can help you create reusable and consistent logging mechanisms that suit your specific needs and goals. You can also use variables, parameters, and conditional statements to control when, where, and how to log. However, custom functions can also add some overhead, complexity, and maintenance costs. You need to write, test, and debug your own code, handle any dependencies or conflicts, and document your functions for yourself and others.

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Saurabh Kolte

Lead Software Engineer at HERE Technologies
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very useful in scripts. - pulling out values from the config file based on key - convert short commands with default configurations in aws cli (or HERE OLP cli) - validations (parameters not empty or config values are not empty)

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Juan Segovia

Technologist with a passion for things that make noise.
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Method is irrelevant as long as you follow some key rules. Most people never consider how the data logged will be interacted with why is way more important. Rules for logging regardless of the tool you use.. 1. Hygiene. Garbage in == garbage out. 2. Ensure use consistent logging structures that can be parsed by central logging and observability systems. 3. Add metadata to your log entries, context is key! Time stamps, app names, etc etc. 4. Make sure you use proper event management levels in your logs so you can alert on critical events. 5. Finally, make sure logs are never set and forget. Always review and optimize. Worst thing is waking up for something that is falsely labeled.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using different shell script process logging tools or methods?

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1 Echo commands

2 Set options

3 Tee command

4 Logger command

5 Custom functions

6 Here’s what else to consider

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