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How are new technologies changing VR lighting and shadows?

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Lighting and shadows are essential elements of VR, as they create realistic and immersive environments for users. However, rendering them in real time is challenging, as it requires high computational power and complex algorithms. In this article, we will explore how new technologies are changing VR lighting and shadows, and what benefits and challenges they bring.

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Enhance realism with ray tracing:

Leveraging advanced GPUs, ray tracing simulates light behavior for stunning reflections and shadows. This technique can significantly boost VR immersion but requires balancing performance to avoid latency issues.### *Create atmosphere with volumetric lighting:Implementing shaders and ray marching, volumetric lighting adds depth by simulating light through mediums like fog. Optimizing these for mobile GPUs ensures immersive experiences without sacrificing headset performance.

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1 Ray tracing

Ray tracing is a technique that simulates the behavior of light rays in a scene, creating realistic reflections, refractions, and shadows. It is widely used in computer graphics, but it is also becoming more accessible for VR, thanks to the development of powerful GPUs and dedicated hardware. Ray tracing can enhance the realism and immersion of VR, as it can produce natural and dynamic lighting effects that respond to the user's actions and movements. However, ray tracing also has some drawbacks, such as high performance costs, latency issues, and compatibility problems with some VR platforms and devices.

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Dominic Cincotti

Innovator: AR/VR, Spatial, Volumetric,3D, Immersive Experiences, CinematicVR. Virtual Production. AI for Good. Award winning VR Director+Producer. I also help transform filmmakers into Cinematic XR, 3D Professionals.
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Ray tracing is technically ambitious in VR, currently. But, when done well it heightens immersion to such a high degree it is worth it to explore the possibility. As GPU's increase in power and affordability, so too will VR's use of Ray tracing. A great example of balancing the Ray Tracing and performance tradeoffs is the game "Synapse" on PSVR 2. By pairing back colors, textures and going with a monochromatic art style, the game developers of Synapse could use Ray tracing. Also, key was taking advantage of HDR a feature on the PSVR 2, to increase contrast. This together, created a 90 frames per second environment that is highly immersive and a great example of how effective Ray tracing can be for VR.

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2 Volumetric lighting

Volumetric lighting is a technique that creates the illusion of light beams or rays passing through a medium, such as fog, dust, or smoke. It can add depth and atmosphere to VR scenes, as well as create dramatic and cinematic effects. Volumetric lighting can be achieved in different ways, such as using particle systems, shaders, or ray marching. However, volumetric lighting also has some challenges, such as increasing the complexity and memory usage of the scene, requiring careful optimization and tuning, and depending on the quality and resolution of the VR display.

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Colin Keenan

Librarian and Experiential Technologist
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In standalone VR headsets (which feature mobile GPUs like the SnapdragonXR series), implementing volumetric lighting—creating realistic light beams in mediums like fog—brings challenges and benefits. These headsets have less power than PC-based VR, requiring optimized lighting techniques. Techniques like shaders, for light-particle interaction, and ray marching, for light path simulation, must be adapted for limited GPU capabilities. The lighting's effectiveness also depends on the headset's display resolution and quality. Lower resolutions may not fully showcase lighting nuances, demanding a balance between realism and hardware performance, to achieve immersive VR experiences within mobile GPU limits.

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3 Baked lighting

Baked lighting is a technique that pre-computes and stores the lighting information of a scene, such as shadows, ambient occlusion, and global illumination. It can reduce the runtime rendering workload and improve the performance and stability of VR applications, as well as create consistent and high-quality lighting effects. Baked lighting can be done using various tools and methods, such as lightmaps, light probes, or spherical harmonics. However, baked lighting also has some limitations, such as being static and not responsive to dynamic changes, requiring more storage space and loading time, and needing careful planning and design.

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4 Mixed reality lighting

Mixed reality lighting is a technique that blends the lighting of the real and virtual worlds, creating a seamless and coherent experience for the user. It can enhance the realism and immersion of VR, as well as enable new forms of interaction and expression. Mixed reality lighting can be achieved using various technologies, such as depth cameras, light estimation, or spatial mapping. However, mixed reality lighting also has some challenges, such as dealing with occlusion and alignment issues, adapting to different lighting conditions and scenarios, and ensuring the privacy and security of the user.

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Shubham Kumar

Looking for Software Engineering Adventure in Ireland
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The calculations around the intensity of light can be tricky sometime in Mixed Reality Lighting. This has really good scope for more study.

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5 Procedural lighting

Procedural lighting is a technique that generates and modifies the lighting of a scene using algorithms and rules, rather than predefined assets or data. It can create dynamic and diverse lighting effects, as well as enable more creativity and customization for the user. Procedural lighting can be done using various techniques, such as noise functions, cellular automata, or genetic algorithms. However, procedural lighting also has some difficulties, such as being unpredictable and hard to control, requiring more computational resources and testing, and depending on the skill and experience of the developer.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How are new technologies changing VR lighting and shadows?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Ray tracing

2 Volumetric lighting

3 Baked lighting

4 Mixed reality lighting

5 Procedural lighting

6 Here’s what else to consider

Virtual Reality

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How are new technologies changing VR lighting and shadows?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Ray tracing

2 Volumetric lighting

3 Baked lighting

4 Mixed reality lighting

5 Procedural lighting

6 Here’s what else to consider

Virtual Reality

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