How does solar energy work?

2 Solar inverters

However, most appliances and devices use alternating current (AC) of electricity, which changes direction periodically. Therefore, solar energy systems need a device called an inverter, which converts DC into AC. Inverters can be either central, which connect a whole array of panels to the grid, or micro, which connect individual panels to the grid or a battery. Inverters also regulate the voltage, frequency, and quality of the electricity produced by the solar panels.

3 Solar batteries

Another component of solar energy systems is the battery, which stores excess electricity for later use. Batteries can help reduce the dependence on the grid, especially during peak hours or cloudy days, and increase the self-consumption of solar energy. Batteries can be either lead-acid, which are cheaper but less efficient and durable, or lithium-ion, which are more expensive but more efficient and durable. Batteries can also be integrated with smart meters and software to optimize the energy management and distribution.

5 Solar concentrators

Another way to use solar energy for heating is by using solar concentrators, which are devices that focus or magnify the sun's rays onto a small area or point. This creates a high temperature that can be used to drive a turbine, engine, or generator that produces electricity or mechanical power. Solar concentrators can be either parabolic troughs, which are long and curved mirrors that track the sun, or solar towers, which are tall structures surrounded by mirrors that reflect the sun to a central receiver.

6 Solar benefits

Solar energy has many benefits for both individuals and society. It can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and fossil fuel dependence, which contribute to climate change and environmental degradation. It can also lower energy bills, increase energy security, and create jobs and income for local communities. Solar energy is also scalable, flexible, and adaptable, which means it can be installed in various locations, sizes, and configurations to suit different needs and preferences.