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How does RAID 10 combine the advantages of RAID 0 and RAID 1?

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RAID, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a technique to improve the performance, reliability, and storage capacity of your hard drives. There are different RAID levels that use different methods to distribute and duplicate your data across multiple disks. In this article, you will learn how RAID 10 combines the advantages of RAID 0 and RAID 1, and what are the benefits and drawbacks of using this RAID level.

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Hybrid RAID configuration:

RAID 10 utilizes a hybrid approach by integrating the striping technique of RAID 0 with the mirroring feature of RAID 1. This combination boosts data read/write speed while also ensuring redundancy for fault tolerance.
Increased fault tolerance:

Opting for RAID 1+0 over RAID 0+1 offers better protection against disk failures. The mirrored sets in RAID 1+0 can sustain multiple disk losses as long as they are not from the same pair, keeping your data safer.

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1 What is RAID 0?

RAID 0, also known as striping, splits your data into equal chunks and writes them across two or more disks simultaneously. This increases the speed of reading and writing data, as well as the total storage space available. However, RAID 0 does not provide any redundancy or fault tolerance, meaning that if one disk fails, you lose all your data.

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Michael Lynch

Test Engineer | NVMe | SAS | FW Test | RAID | SSD | HDD | NAND | Storage | PLM | Strategic/Critical Thinking | Problem Solving | Networking | Collaboration | Word | Excel | IDS/IPS Basic Knowledge | Wireshark
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RAID 0 isn't redundant, however it is in the RAID spec. It takes 1 or more disks and spreads the data across the disks in small chunks at a time. These chunks are called stripes. Think of a barber pole but on multiple disks. This used to be used when drives were very slow to help improve performance for data that was not considered to be worthy of redundancy.

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2 What is RAID 1?

RAID 1, also known as mirroring, copies your data identically to two or more disks. This provides redundancy and fault tolerance, as if one disk fails, you still have a backup of your data on another disk. However, RAID 1 does not increase the speed or the storage capacity of your disks, as you only use half of the total space available.

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Michael Lynch

Test Engineer | NVMe | SAS | FW Test | RAID | SSD | HDD | NAND | Storage | PLM | Strategic/Critical Thinking | Problem Solving | Networking | Collaboration | Word | Excel | IDS/IPS Basic Knowledge | Wireshark
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RAID 1 is a Mirror, Disk 1 is an exact copy of Disk 0. Any time there are changes the changes are made to both disks. RAID 1 has the limitation that it can only have 2 disks in it, no more no less. This has the advantage in that it is cheap and redundant, but it is neither fast not high capacity.

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3 What is RAID 10?

RAID 10, also known as striped mirrors, combines RAID 0 and RAID 1 by creating two or more RAID 1 sets and then striping them across two or more disks. This way, you get the best of both worlds: the speed and performance of RAID 0 and the redundancy and fault tolerance of RAID 1. However, RAID 10 also has some drawbacks, such as the high cost and complexity of setting up and maintaining this RAID level.

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Michael Lynch

Test Engineer | NVMe | SAS | FW Test | RAID | SSD | HDD | NAND | Storage | PLM | Strategic/Critical Thinking | Problem Solving | Networking | Collaboration | Word | Excel | IDS/IPS Basic Knowledge | Wireshark
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RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 1 and RAID 0. It is considered a Hybrid RAID, it is not one of the original RAID standards types. Hybrid RAID is when you combine two different types of RAID together like in this case RAID 1 and 0. The way this works is that you have a multiple mirror sets, but that the data becomes striped just like RAID 0 across multiple disks to allow an increase in capacity and performance. For example you would have Mirror A, Mirror B and Mirror C. Each Mirror set A, B and C would consist of 2 drives. Your data would then be striped in 64kb chunks across each drive until you get back to the first drive in Mirror A.

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Jeremy Hopf

Senior Cloud Engineer
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It may be worth noting that it’s sometimes referred to as RAID 1+0, and that there also exists RAID 0+1 where disks are instead striped before mirrored. The only significant difference being that RAID 1+0 has better fault tolerance as the typical implementation of RAID 0+1 has a 50/50 chance of not tolerating a second disk failure while RAID 1+0 has a higher chance as the number of disks increase due to the functional difference between a stripe of mirrors and a mirror of stripes.

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4 How does RAID 10 work?

To create a RAID 10 array, you need at least four disks. You first pair the disks into two or more RAID 1 sets, which mirror your data. Then, you stripe the RAID 1 sets across two or more disks, which split your data into chunks. For example, if you have four disks A, B, C, and D, you can create two RAID 1 sets (A and B, C and D) and then stripe them across two disks (A and C, B and D). This way, each disk contains half of the data and a mirror of the other half.

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5 What are the benefits of RAID 10?

RAID 10 offers several benefits for your data storage and performance, such as increased read and write speed, improved throughput and bandwidth, higher reliability, and increased availability. Striping your data across multiple disks allows for faster data storage, while mirroring your data across multiple disks provides a backup in the event of disk failure. Combining striping and mirroring also ensures that your system can continue to operate even if one or more disks fail, as long as at least one disk from each RAID 1 set is functional.

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6 What are the drawbacks of RAID 10?

RAID 10 has some drawbacks that should be taken into account before deciding to use this RAID level. These include a higher cost due to the need for more disks, increased complexity of configuration and management, as well as a higher risk of data loss if both disks from a RAID 1 set fail, or if more than half of the total disks fail.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Michael Lynch

Test Engineer | NVMe | SAS | FW Test | RAID | SSD | HDD | NAND | Storage | PLM | Strategic/Critical Thinking | Problem Solving | Networking | Collaboration | Word | Excel | IDS/IPS Basic Knowledge | Wireshark
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Raid 0, 1 and 10 all have significant negatives. They are either not fault tolerant have limited capacity or ability to increase capacity, or are wasteful in their usage of storage. Raid 5 and 6 tend to be much more useful and are much more common in the enterprise space. RAID 5 can be used with as little as 3 drives and if you keep a spare drive 4 drives in case of a failure. Keep in mind that Raid 5 can only handle 1 failure at a time. RAID 6 can handle up to 2 failures and requires a minimum of 4 or 5 drives depending on implementation. I still recommend keeping that spare in case of a drive failure.

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How does RAID 10 combine the advantages of RAID 0 and RAID 1?

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1 What is RAID 0?

2 What is RAID 1?

3 What is RAID 10?

4 How does RAID 10 work?

5 What are the benefits of RAID 10?

6 What are the drawbacks of RAID 10?

7 Here’s what else to consider

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