How do you train and educate your power generation staff on power system harmonics and mitigation?

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Power system harmonics are distortions in the voltage and current waveforms caused by non-linear loads, such as converters, inverters, rectifiers, and variable frequency drives. Harmonics can affect the performance, reliability, and efficiency of your power generation equipment, as well as create interference, overheating, and resonance issues. To prevent or reduce the negative impacts of harmonics, you need to train and educate your power generation staff on how to identify, measure, analyze, and mitigate harmonics in your system. Here are some tips on how to do that.

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1 Understand the basics

The first step is to make sure your staff understand the basic concepts and terminology of harmonics, such as harmonic order, frequency, amplitude, phase angle, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power factor. You can use online courses, webinars, videos, or books to introduce these topics and explain how they relate to power quality and system operation. You can also use simulations, demonstrations, or experiments to illustrate the effects of harmonics on different types of loads and equipment.

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Sebastien Billaut, PE

National Protection and Control Manager
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Literature and online material and videos are great ways to understand the basics of harmonics. Simulations would be Electromagnetic transient models, which are difficult to do if you cannot access the software and mentors that can help you. These would typically be the next step and for more advanced engineers.

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Josemiro Evambi

Engenheiro de Energia | Machine Learning | Top Voice
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Constant training and updates are quite essential. Training involving simulation for different system states is the key. But these trainings need to be scheduled every time an event takes place.

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2 Measure and monitor harmonics

The next step is to equip your staff with the tools and skills to measure and monitor harmonics in your system. You can use harmonic analyzers, power quality meters, oscilloscopes, or software to capture and display the harmonic spectrum, waveform, and distortion level of your voltage and current signals. You can also use sensors, transducers, or smart meters to collect and transmit harmonic data to a central system for analysis and reporting. You should train your staff on how to use these devices and software, how to interpret the results, and how to identify the sources and locations of harmonics.

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Josemiro Evambi

Engenheiro de Energia | Machine Learning | Top Voice
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It is worth remembering that in measurement there are also levels. These levels are related to precision. When seeking to measure very low currents or in environments with high switching frequencies, where precision is critical, precision current and voltage transformers are used - which are generally used in conjunction with oscilloscopes and analyzers. Precision current and voltage transformers reduce current and/or voltage to a level suitable for measurement by analyzers. They provide a secondary current or voltage proportional to the primary current or voltage that allows problems such as harmonics and imbalances to be identified and mitigated.

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3 Analyze and evaluate harmonics

The third step is to train your staff on how to analyze and evaluate the harmonic data and determine the severity and impact of harmonics on your system. You can use standards, guidelines, or best practices to establish the acceptable limits and thresholds for harmonic distortion and power factor. You can also use calculations, models, or simulations to estimate the harmonic losses, efficiency, and power quality of your system. You should teach your staff how to compare the actual and expected harmonic levels, how to identify the root causes and contributing factors of harmonics, and how to assess the risks and consequences of harmonics.

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Josemiro Evambi

Engenheiro de Energia | Machine Learning | Top Voice
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The assessment of harmonics in power systems is crucial to maintaining power quality and efficient equipment operation. Using a combination of power quality analyzers, oscilloscopes, simulation software, and following standard procedures, it is possible to identify and mitigate the harmful effects of harmonics. Follow established norms and standards for the measurement and analysis of harmonics, such as IEEE 519: Provides guidelines for acceptable levels of harmonic distortion in power systems; and IEC 61000-4-7: Details methods for measuring harmonics and interharmonics in power systems; It’s fundamental and helps a lot.

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4 Mitigate and control harmonics

The final step is to educate your staff on how to mitigate and control harmonics in your system. You can use passive or active filters, reactors, capacitors, transformers, or generators to reduce or eliminate harmonics from your system. You can also use harmonic compensation, cancellation, or injection techniques to balance or counteract harmonics from your system. You should instruct your staff on how to select, install, operate, and maintain these devices and methods, how to optimize their performance and efficiency, and how to monitor their effectiveness and impact.

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Josemiro Evambi

Engenheiro de Energia | Machine Learning | Top Voice
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Once harmonics have been identified and measured, they can be mitigated in a number of ways: power factor correction: power factor correction capacitors can be adjusted to reduce the generation of harmonics; and isolation transformers: they can reduce the propagation of harmonics between different parts of the system.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you train and educate your power generation staff on power system harmonics and mitigation?

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1 Understand the basics

2 Measure and monitor harmonics

3 Analyze and evaluate harmonics

4 Mitigate and control harmonics

5 Here’s what else to consider

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