How do you scan for vulnerabilities and test for penetration?

1 Scanning tools

To scan for vulnerabilities, you need to use tools that can analyze the system or network for potential flaws, misconfigurations, outdated software, or exposed services. Some of the common tools are Nmap, Nessus, OpenVAS, and Metasploit. These tools can perform different types of scans, such as port scanning, service detection, vulnerability assessment, and exploit testing. You should choose the tools and scans that suit your objectives, scope, and resources.

2 Scanning phases

Before you start scanning, you should define the scope and boundaries of your target system or network, and obtain the necessary permissions and authorizations. You should also plan your scanning schedule and frequency to avoid disrupting the normal operations or triggering any alarms. Scanning can be divided into three phases: reconnaissance, enumeration, and vulnerability assessment. Reconnaissance is the process of gathering information about the target, such as its IP address, domain name, operating system, and network topology. Enumeration is the process of identifying the active hosts, open ports, running services, and user accounts on the target. Vulnerability assessment is the process of finding and verifying the vulnerabilities on the target using various tools and techniques.

3 Testing tools

To test for penetration, you need to use tools that can exploit the vulnerabilities you found in the scanning phase and gain access to the system or network. Some of the common tools are Metasploit, Burp Suite, SQLmap, and Hydra. These tools can perform different types of attacks, such as remote code execution, web application hacking, SQL injection, and brute force. You should choose the tools and attacks that match your goals, skills, and ethics.

4 Testing phases

Before you start testing, you should establish the rules of engagement and the success criteria with your client or stakeholder. You should also backup your data and systems and prepare your testing environment and tools. Testing can be divided into three phases: exploitation, post-exploitation, and reporting. Exploitation is the process of launching attacks on the target and gaining access to its resources. Post-exploitation is the process of maintaining access, escalating privileges, pivoting to other systems, and exfiltrating data. Reporting is the process of documenting your findings, recommendations, and evidence in a clear and concise manner.

5 Scanning and testing best practices

In order to perform effective and ethical penetration scanning and testing, you should first conduct a risk analysis and threat model to identify the most critical assets and threats. Additionally, you should use a combination of automated and manual tools and techniques to scan and test for a wide range of vulnerabilities and attacks. Additionally, it is important to validate your results by cross-checking with different sources and methods in order to avoid false positives and negatives. Moreover, it is essential to respect the privacy and confidentiality of your client and the target, as well as follow the ethical hacking principles and legal/professional standards of your industry/region.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?