登录查看更多内容

How do you practice and prepare for refuting an argument in a public speech?

由人工智能和领英社区提供技术支持

Refuting an argument in a public speech can be a powerful way to persuade your audience, challenge your opponent, and demonstrate your credibility. But how do you practice and prepare for this skill? Here are some tips to help you plan, research, and deliver effective counterarguments in your next speech.

本文章的要点总结

List the arguments:

Before you step onto the stage, roll up your sleeves and write down every possible point and counterpoint. It's like a workout for your debate muscles, ensuring you're ready for any angle your opponent might throw at you.
Stay composed:

Keep your cool when refuting arguments. You'll come across as more credible, and that calm confidence can really throw an opponent off their game while keeping the audience on your side.

本摘要由 AI 和以下专家提供支持

1 Know your purpose

Before you start preparing your refutation, you need to know what your purpose is. Are you trying to convince your audience of your position, or are you trying to expose the flaws in your opponent's argument? Are you aiming for a balanced and respectful debate, or are you trying to discredit and undermine your opponent? Your purpose will influence your tone, style, and strategy of refutation.

添加您的观点

2 Analyze the argument

The next step is to analyze the argument you want to refute. Identify the main claim, the supporting evidence, and the underlying assumptions of the argument. Look for logical fallacies, weak evidence, irrelevant points, or contradictions in the argument. You can use a Toulmin model or a claim-evidence-warrant structure to help you break down the argument.

添加您的观点

3 Choose your method

There are different methods of refutation that you can use depending on the type and strength of the argument. You can concede, refute, or rebut the argument. Conceding means acknowledging a valid point or a partial truth in the argument, but then showing how it does not affect your position or how it is outweighed by other factors. Refuting means denying the truth or validity of the argument, by providing counter-evidence, counter-examples, or counter-arguments. Rebutting means attacking the relevance or significance of the argument, by showing how it does not address the main issue, how it is based on faulty assumptions, or how it leads to undesirable consequences.

添加您的观点

Allison Rocker

Trial Advocacy Knowledge Lawyer at Baker McKenzie
举报内容
Whatever method you choose, note that appearing 'angry' or 'aggressive' lowers your credibility. When the speaker that is responding appears cool, level-headed, and well-thought, they are already a step ahead of their opponent.

已翻译

赞

4 Support your refutation

Whatever method you choose, you need to support your refutation with credible and relevant sources, facts, statistics, examples, or testimonials. You also need to explain how your evidence supports your claim and why it is more convincing than your opponent's evidence. You can use a signpost, such as "however", "on the contrary", or "in fact", to signal your refutation and contrast it with the argument you are refuting.

添加您的观点

5 Anticipate objections

A good refutation anticipates and responds to possible objections from your opponent or your audience. You can use a straw man technique, which means presenting and refuting a weaker or distorted version of your opponent's argument, or a steel man technique, which means presenting and refuting the strongest and most charitable version of your opponent's argument. You can also use a concession-rebuttal technique, which means conceding a minor point or a common concern, but then rebutting it with a stronger point or a more compelling reason.

添加您的观点

LaTonya Davis

Award Winning CEO ? Top DEI Voice ?I lead incredibly impactful outcomes with Boards, C Suite Executives, HR, Managers, TA and Tech? The Autism Academy? Tik Tok Tastemakers for Black Women Creators?Christian ??
举报内容
Write a list of all the arguments to be made from that point of view. This is a technique I learned in law school with moot court and oral arguments.

已翻译

赞
Olga V. Mack

Non-Executive Director | Board Director | CEO | Digital Transformation Expert | Corporate Strategist | Governance Leader | LegalTech & Risk Innovator | 6X TEDx Speaker | Author | IBDC.D | Made in Ukraine ????
举报内容
Here are some strategies for anticipating objections: 1. Put yourself in your audience's shoes. Try to view your argument from your audience's perspective. Think about their values, beliefs, and potential objections to your message. 2. Research common objections. Research common objections related to your topic. Look for articles or studies that address common criticisms and consider how you can respond to them. 3. Consider your own biases. Be aware of your own biases or assumptions that might make you overlook potential objections. Try to consider objections that you may not have initially thought of.

已翻译

赞
Olga V. Mack

Non-Executive Director | Board Director | CEO | Digital Transformation Expert | Corporate Strategist | Governance Leader | LegalTech & Risk Innovator | 6X TEDx Speaker | Author | IBDC.D | Made in Ukraine ????
举报内容
Also, use audience research. Use surveys or focus groups to gather feedback from your audience in advance. Use that feedback to refine your arguments and address potential objections.

已翻译

赞
Liza Schwartzwald

Senior Policy Strategist @ The NYIC ?? Non-Profit/Gov | Attorney | Mediation | Education | Youth
举报内容
Beware the straw man opponent trap! One of the most common mistakes in preparing your own argument is becoming so convinced your side is right that you only prepare to respond to a straw man version of your opponent's argument. Your rebuttals must address the best possible arguments of the other side, not just the most easily refutable ones. One way to do this is to first research the best existing arguments for the other side by reading/watching what's been said elsewhere by the best proponents of that side, and prepare as if you will argue for their side. Only once you understand your opponent's arguments that well can you make sure you have adequately prepared to respond.

已翻译

赞

6 Practice and deliver

The final step is to practice and deliver your refutation with confidence and clarity. You can practice by writing down your refutation, rehearsing it aloud, recording yourself, or asking for feedback from others. You can also practice by watching and analyzing other speakers who use refutation effectively, such as politicians, debaters, or TED talkers. When you deliver your refutation, you should use a clear and assertive voice, eye contact, gestures, and transitions to engage your audience and emphasize your points.

添加您的观点

Allison Rocker

Trial Advocacy Knowledge Lawyer at Baker McKenzie
举报内容
Embrace silence. There is no rule that you have to immediately have your response ready. If your opponent says something that you didn't anticipate, take a minute and formulate your response. Answering too quickly leads to filler words, distraction topics, and meandering argument. Take the time to be effective.

已翻译

赞

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

添加您的观点

Public Speaking

+ 关注

给文章评分

我们借助人工智能创建了此文章。您认为这篇文章怎么样？

很棒不太好

举报此文章

查看全部

How do you practice and prepare for refuting an argument in a public speech?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Know your purpose

2 Analyze the argument

3 Choose your method

4 Support your refutation

5 Anticipate objections

6 Practice and deliver

7 Here’s what else to consider

Public Speaking

给文章评分

感谢您的反馈

更多Public Speaking相关文章

更多相关阅读内容

How do you practice and prepare for refuting an argument in a public speech?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Know your purpose

2 Analyze the argument

3 Choose your method

4 Support your refutation

5 Anticipate objections

6 Practice and deliver

7 Here’s what else to consider

Public Speaking

给文章评分

感谢您的反馈

查看其他技能