How do you model and minimize the parasitic elements in your converter circuit?

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Parasitic elements are unwanted components that affect the performance and efficiency of your converter circuit. They can cause switching and conduction losses, ringing, overshoot, and EMI problems. To design a reliable and optimal converter, you need to model and minimize these parasitic elements. In this article, you will learn how to identify, measure, and reduce the parasitic elements in your converter circuit.

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Aqdass Hayat

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Dmytro Kniaziev

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Aditya Sawant

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1 Sources of parasitic elements

Parasitic elements can come from various sources, such as the components, the layout, the wiring, and the environment. The main parasitic elements are resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Resistance causes conduction losses and heating. Inductance causes switching losses, voltage spikes, and current ripple. Capacitance causes switching losses, voltage sag, and noise coupling. You can use datasheets, simulation tools, and measurement techniques to estimate the parasitic elements of your components and circuit.

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Aqdass Hayat

?? Electrical Engineer | ??? Expert in FPGA, Embedded & Control Systems | ?? Passionate about Machine Learning & AI | ?? Project and Quality Management
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To deal with parasitic elements in converter circuits, identify sources like inductance in traces and capacitance between components. Optimize PCB layout by minimizing loop areas and using ground planes. Use quality components with low parasitic values and simulate their effects. Implement snubber circuits, shielding, and proper grounding techniques to mitigate parasitic effects.

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Dmytro Kniaziev

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How to deal with these sources: Optimize component layout on the circuit board to reduce parasitic effects. Reduce parasitic resistance and inductance by shortening signal traces and keeping high-frequency components close together. Reduce EMI with grounding/shielding. This offer a low-impedance current return path, and metal enclosures and shielding layers insulate sensitive components from external interference. Decoupling capacitors near integrated circuit power pins could help as well. Local energy reservoirs, decoupling capacitors supply immediate current to ICs during transient events and reduce parasitic V swings. Line impedance should match source and load impedance to maximize power transfer and reduce signal distortion.

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2 Modeling parasitic elements

Modeling parasitic elements can help you analyze and optimize your converter circuit. You can use equivalent circuits, lumped models, or distributed models to represent the parasitic elements. Equivalent circuits are simplified models that use ideal components and parameters to approximate the behavior of the circuit. Lumped models are more detailed models that use discrete components and values to account for the parasitic elements. Distributed models are the most accurate models that use transmission lines and frequency-dependent parameters to capture the parasitic effects.

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Aditya Sawant

Power Electronics Professional | Digital Content Creation
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Models can only give you accurate results if and onky if you manage to model parasitics components approximately equal to your expected hardware design. In order yo avoid parasitics in actual hardware and in modelling try to keep your routing/wire length as small as possible and also keep line and neutral or positive and negative supply rails close to each other. Parasitic nductance and parasitic capacitance can make hige difference in circuit simulation specifically if you are targeting device level simulation.

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3 Minimizing parasitic elements

Minimizing parasitic elements can improve the performance and efficiency of your converter circuit. You can use several methods to reduce the parasitic elements, such as choosing appropriate components, optimizing the layout, using decoupling and snubber circuits, and shielding and grounding techniques. Choosing appropriate components means selecting the ones that have low parasitic values and high ratings for your application. Optimizing the layout means arranging the components and traces to minimize the loop area, length, and mutual coupling. Using decoupling and snubber circuits means adding capacitors and resistors to filter the noise and dampen the oscillations. Shielding and grounding techniques mean using metal enclosures, ferrite beads, and common ground planes to prevent EMI interference.

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4 Measuring parasitic elements

Measuring parasitic elements can help you verify and calibrate your models and designs. You can use various instruments and methods to measure the parasitic elements, such as multimeters, LCR meters, network analyzers, oscilloscopes, and probes. Multimeters and LCR meters can measure the resistance, inductance, and capacitance of your components and circuit at low frequencies. Network analyzers can measure the impedance, admittance, and S-parameters of your circuit at high frequencies. Oscilloscopes and probes can measure the voltage and current waveforms of your circuit and calculate the power and efficiency.

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5 Testing parasitic elements

Testing parasitic elements can help you evaluate and improve your converter circuit. You can use various tests and criteria to test the parasitic elements, such as switching and conduction losses, efficiency, transient response, stability, and EMI compliance. Switching and conduction losses are the power dissipated by the parasitic elements during the switching and steady-state operation of the converter. Efficiency is the ratio of the output power to the input power of the converter. Transient response is the behavior of the converter when there is a change in the input or output conditions. Stability is the ability of the converter to maintain a stable output under different operating conditions. EMI compliance is the conformity of the converter to the standards and regulations for electromagnetic compatibility.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you model and minimize the parasitic elements in your converter circuit?

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1 Sources of parasitic elements

2 Modeling parasitic elements

3 Minimizing parasitic elements

4 Measuring parasitic elements

5 Testing parasitic elements

6 Here’s what else to consider

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