Quality management systems and tools are the frameworks and techniques used to manage quality activities and processes. They can help define standards, policies, and procedures, as well as monitor and measure performance and outcomes. Common quality management systems and tools include ISO 9001, Six Sigma, Lean, and Balanced Scorecard. ISO 9001 is an international standard for quality management systems that outlines requirements and best practices for consistent and high-quality results. Six Sigma is a data-driven and structured approach for improving processes and eliminating defects and errors, using tools such as DMAIC and DMADV to achieve six sigma level of quality, which is less than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. Lean is a philosophy and methodology for eliminating waste and maximizing value in processes, focusing on optimizing the flow of work, reducing variation, and increasing customer value, using tools such as 5S, Kaizen, and Kanban. Balanced Scorecard is a strategic management tool that aligns vision, mission, and goals with performance indicators and measures, using four perspectives: financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth, to evaluate results and identify gaps and opportunities.