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How do you maintain software systems?

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Software systems are complex and dynamic, and they need constant maintenance to ensure their functionality, reliability, security, and performance. Software maintenance is the process of modifying, updating, repairing, or enhancing software systems after they have been deployed. It involves various activities, such as fixing bugs, adding features, improving design, refactoring code, testing, documenting, and deploying changes. In this article, you will learn how to maintain software systems effectively using some software engineering methodologies and best practices.

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John Eckhardt

Legacy Software Maintenance
Metin Aziz Cakir

Experienced CTO | Strategic Technology Leader | Driving Digital Transformation for?Business?Growth | Investor

1 Software maintenance models

Software maintenance can take many forms, depending on the changes required. Corrective maintenance is the most basic type, which involves fixing errors or defects discovered after the software is delivered to the users. Adaptive maintenance, on the other hand, adapts the software to changing requirements, environments, or technologies. Perfective maintenance seeks to improve the software's quality, performance, usability, or maintainability, while preventive maintenance anticipates and prevents potential problems or issues that may affect the software in the future. All of these models are necessary for keeping software up-to-date and running smoothly.

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Metin Aziz Cakir

Experienced CTO | Strategic Technology Leader | Driving Digital Transformation for?Business?Growth | Investor
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Software maintenance models guide ongoing improvement. Corrective fixes errors, Adaptive addresses environmental changes, and Perfective enhances functionality. Preventive proactively avoids issues. Iterative, Waterfall, Incremental, and Spiral offer structured approaches. Component-Based emphasizes using pre-existing components. Agile and DevOps prioritize flexibility and continuous improvement. The choice depends on software nature and goals, often involving a combination of models.

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2 Software maintenance processes

To perform software maintenance effectively, you need to follow a systematic and structured process that covers the entire lifecycle of the software. This includes receiving and analyzing requests for changes or fixes from users, stakeholders, or developers; investigating and evaluating the impact and feasibility of the requested changes or fixes; planning and designing the changes or fixes following software engineering principles and standards; coding and testing the changes or fixes using the appropriate tools and techniques; deploying and releasing the changes or fixes to users, stakeholders, or developers; and monitoring and reviewing the changes or fixes to measure their effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. All of these steps must be prioritized, validated, documented, assigned to the appropriate team or person, specified in requirements, architecture, modules, interfaces, and testing strategies, followed in coding conventions, quality assurance methods, version control systems, deployment procedures, configuration management practices, change management policies, and integration with existing software.

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3 Software maintenance tools

To support and facilitate the software maintenance process, you need to use various tools and technologies. Issue tracking systems, such as Jira, Bugzilla, and GitHub Issues, help you track, manage, and resolve the issues or requests related to the software maintenance. Version control systems, such as Git, SVN, and Mercurial, allow you to store, retrieve, compare, merge, and revert the different versions or branches of the code. Testing tools like JUnit, Selenium, and LoadRunner help you test and verify the changes or fixes made to the software code. Documentation tools like Confluence, Sphinx, and Doxygen enable you to create, update, organize, and share documents related to the software maintenance.

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4 Software maintenance best practices

To improve the quality and efficiency of software maintenance, it is important to follow best practices and guidelines that can help you avoid or minimize common challenges. This includes planning and budgeting for the maintenance, establishing and following standards, communicating and collaborating with users and stakeholders, and learning and improving from the experience. When planning and budgeting for maintenance, it is important to consider factors such as the size, complexity, age, or usage of the software, as well as the frequency, scope, or type of changes. Establishing standards should involve defining and following conventions for software engineering and maintenance. Communication and collaboration should involve using appropriate tools and channels such as issue tracking systems, version control systems, documentation tools, or meetings. Finally, learning and improving should involve using evaluation and improvement tools such as surveys, reviews, or audits in order to identify changes that can enhance the software maintenance.

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John Eckhardt

Legacy Software Maintenance
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Most legacy systems I have worked with do not have automated testing. My best practice is: when a defect is found in the software, add a test. Then fix the problem. Then you can ensure reliability of the application in the future by simply running the tests.

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5 Software maintenance challenges

Despite the importance and benefits of software maintenance, you may encounter some challenges or difficulties that can impede or complicate the process. Legacy systems, technical debt, and user expectations are common issues faced during software maintenance. Legacy systems may pose risks or problems for the software's functionality, reliability, security, or performance. Technical debt can lead to suboptimal or inefficient code, design, or architecture. User expectations may be unrealistic and inconsistent, which could cause frustration and conflict. All of these obstacles can require significant changes, replacements, refactoring, rewriting, negotiation, or prioritization.

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John Eckhardt

Legacy Software Maintenance
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One big challenge in software maintenance is that the time it takes developers to fix an issue doesn't often correspond to the business impact of fixing the issue. A fix that has huge business impact can take a short time, but a minor nuisance can take an extended time to fix. So, cut the developers some slack! And celebrate when the fix takes a short time.

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Vinesh Malviya

CSPO?, CSM?, Technology Lead
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Working on software maintenance project is always challenging. We need to understand the existing flow in the system and also need to do reverse engineering in some cases to understand the processes in existing system. Even a small change make impact lot of interrelated processes so need to be very careful. Identifying the exact issue /bug requires lot of debugging. Also sometimes the software cannot be updated to newer version of programming language due to which there are limitation in incorporating new features/updates requested.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you maintain software systems?

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1 Software maintenance models

2 Software maintenance processes

3 Software maintenance tools

4 Software maintenance best practices

5 Software maintenance challenges

6 Here’s what else to consider

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How do you maintain software systems?

1

2

3

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6

1 Software maintenance models

2 Software maintenance processes

3 Software maintenance tools

4 Software maintenance best practices

5 Software maintenance challenges

6 Here’s what else to consider

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